#!/home/perldoc/perldoc-browser/perls/5.8.0/bin/perl eval 'exec /home/perldoc/perldoc-browser/perls/5.8.0/bin/perl -S $0 ${1+"$@"}' if $running_under_some_shell; use warnings; =head1 NAME h2xs - convert .h C header files to Perl extensions =head1 SYNOPSIS B [B ...] [headerfile ... [extra_libraries]] B B<-h>|B<-?>|B<--help> =head1 DESCRIPTION I builds a Perl extension from C header files. The extension will include functions which can be used to retrieve the value of any #define statement which was in the C header files. The I will be used for the name of the extension. If module_name is not supplied then the name of the first header file will be used, with the first character capitalized. If the extension might need extra libraries, they should be included here. The extension Makefile.PL will take care of checking whether the libraries actually exist and how they should be loaded. The extra libraries should be specified in the form -lm -lposix, etc, just as on the cc command line. By default, the Makefile.PL will search through the library path determined by Configure. That path can be augmented by including arguments of the form B<-L/another/library/path> in the extra-libraries argument. =head1 OPTIONS =over 5 =item B<-A>, B<--omit-autoload> Omit all autoload facilities. This is the same as B<-c> but also removes the S> statement from the .pm file. =item B<-B>, B<--beta-version> Use an alpha/beta style version number. Causes version number to be "0.00_01" unless B<-v> is specified. =item B<-C>, B<--omit-changes> Omits creation of the F file, and adds a HISTORY section to the POD template. =item B<-F>, B<--cpp-flags>=I Additional flags to specify to C preprocessor when scanning header for function declarations. Writes these options in the generated F too. =item B<-M>, B<--func-mask>=I selects functions/macros to process. =item B<-O>, B<--overwrite-ok> Allows a pre-existing extension directory to be overwritten. =item B<-P>, B<--omit-pod> Omit the autogenerated stub POD section. =item B<-X>, B<--omit-XS> Omit the XS portion. Used to generate templates for a module which is not XS-based. C<-c> and C<-f> are implicitly enabled. =item B<-a>, B<--gen-accessors> Generate an accessor method for each element of structs and unions. The generated methods are named after the element name; will return the current value of the element if called without additional arguments; and will set the element to the supplied value (and return the new value) if called with an additional argument. Embedded structures and unions are returned as a pointer rather than the complete structure, to facilitate chained calls. These methods all apply to the Ptr type for the structure; additionally two methods are constructed for the structure type itself, C<_to_ptr> which returns a Ptr type pointing to the same structure, and a C method to construct and return a new structure, initialised to zeroes. =item B<-b>, B<--compat-version>=I Generates a .pm file which is backwards compatible with the specified perl version. For versions < 5.6.0, the changes are. - no use of 'our' (uses 'use vars' instead) - no 'use warnings' Specifying a compatibility version higher than the version of perl you are using to run h2xs will have no effect. If unspecified h2xs will default to compatibility with the version of perl you are using to run h2xs. =item B<-c>, B<--omit-constant> Omit C from the .xs file and corresponding specialised C from the .pm file. =item B<-d>, B<--debugging> Turn on debugging messages. =item B<-f>, B<--force> Allows an extension to be created for a header even if that header is not found in standard include directories. =item B<-g>, B<--global> Include code for safely storing static data in the .xs file. Extensions that do no make use of static data can ignore this option. =item B<-h>, B<-?>, B<--help> Print the usage, help and version for this h2xs and exit. =item B<-k>, B<--omit-const-func> For function arguments declared as C, omit the const attribute in the generated XS code. =item B<-m>, B<--gen-tied-var> B: for each variable declared in the header file(s), declare a perl variable of the same name magically tied to the C variable. =item B<-n>, B<--name>=I Specifies a name to be used for the extension, e.g., S<-n RPC::DCE> =item B<-o>, B<--opaque-re>=I Use "opaque" data type for the C types matched by the regular expression, even if these types are C-equivalent to types from typemaps. Should not be used without B<-x>. This may be useful since, say, types which are C-equivalent to integers may represent OS-related handles, and one may want to work with these handles in OO-way, as in C<$handle-Edo_something()>. Use C<-o .> if you want to handle all the Ced types as opaque types. The type-to-match is whitewashed (except for commas, which have no whitespace before them, and multiple C<*> which have no whitespace between them). =item B<-p>, B<--remove-prefix>=I Specify a prefix which should be removed from the Perl function names, e.g., S<-p sec_rgy_> This sets up the XS B keyword and removes the prefix from functions that are autoloaded via the C mechanism. =item B<-s>, B<--const-subs>=I Create a perl subroutine for the specified macros rather than autoload with the constant() subroutine. These macros are assumed to have a return type of B, e.g., S<-s sec_rgy_wildcard_name,sec_rgy_wildcard_sid>. =item B<-t>, B<--default-type>=I Specify the internal type that the constant() mechanism uses for macros. The default is IV (signed integer). Currently all macros found during the header scanning process will be assumed to have this type. Future versions of C may gain the ability to make educated guesses. =item B<--use-new-tests> When B<--compat-version> (B<-b>) is present the generated tests will use C rather than C which is the default for versions before 5.7.2 . C will be added to PREREQ_PM in the generated C. =item B<--use-old-tests> Will force the generation of test code that uses the older C module. =item B<--skip-exporter> Do not use C and/or export any symbol. =item B<--skip-ppport> Do not use C: no portability to older version. =item B<--skip-autoloader> Do not use the module C; but keep the constant() function and C for constants. =item B<--skip-strict> Do not use the pragma C. =item B<--skip-warnings> Do not use the pragma C. =item B<-v>, B<--version>=I Specify a version number for this extension. This version number is added to the templates. The default is 0.01, or 0.00_01 if C<-B> is specified. The version specified should be numeric. =item B<-x>, B<--autogen-xsubs> Automatically generate XSUBs basing on function declarations in the header file. The package C should be installed. If this option is specified, the name of the header file may look like C. In this case NAME1 is used instead of the specified string, but XSUBs are emitted only for the declarations included from file NAME2. Note that some types of arguments/return-values for functions may result in XSUB-declarations/typemap-entries which need hand-editing. Such may be objects which cannot be converted from/to a pointer (like C), pointers to functions, or arrays. See also the section on L>. =back =head1 EXAMPLES # Default behavior, extension is Rusers h2xs rpcsvc/rusers # Same, but extension is RUSERS h2xs -n RUSERS rpcsvc/rusers # Extension is rpcsvc::rusers. Still finds h2xs rpcsvc::rusers # Extension is ONC::RPC. Still finds h2xs -n ONC::RPC rpcsvc/rusers # Without constant() or AUTOLOAD h2xs -c rpcsvc/rusers # Creates templates for an extension named RPC h2xs -cfn RPC # Extension is ONC::RPC. h2xs -cfn ONC::RPC # Makefile.PL will look for library -lrpc in # additional directory /opt/net/lib h2xs rpcsvc/rusers -L/opt/net/lib -lrpc # Extension is DCE::rgynbase # prefix "sec_rgy_" is dropped from perl function names h2xs -n DCE::rgynbase -p sec_rgy_ dce/rgynbase # Extension is DCE::rgynbase # prefix "sec_rgy_" is dropped from perl function names # subroutines are created for sec_rgy_wildcard_name and sec_rgy_wildcard_sid h2xs -n DCE::rgynbase -p sec_rgy_ \ -s sec_rgy_wildcard_name,sec_rgy_wildcard_sid dce/rgynbase # Make XS without defines in perl.h, but with function declarations # visible from perl.h. Name of the extension is perl1. # When scanning perl.h, define -DEXT=extern -DdEXT= -DINIT(x)= # Extra backslashes below because the string is passed to shell. # Note that a directory with perl header files would # be added automatically to include path. h2xs -xAn perl1 -F "-DEXT=extern -DdEXT= -DINIT\(x\)=" perl.h # Same with function declaration in proto.h as visible from perl.h. h2xs -xAn perl2 perl.h,proto.h # Same but select only functions which match /^av_/ h2xs -M '^av_' -xAn perl2 perl.h,proto.h # Same but treat SV* etc as "opaque" types h2xs -o '^[S]V \*$' -M '^av_' -xAn perl2 perl.h,proto.h =head2 Extension based on F<.h> and F<.c> files Suppose that you have some C files implementing some functionality, and the corresponding header files. How to create an extension which makes this functionality accessable in Perl? The example below assumes that the header files are F and I, and you want the perl module be named as C. If you need some preprocessor directives and/or linking with external libraries, see the flags C<-F>, C<-L> and C<-l> in L<"OPTIONS">. =over =item Find the directory name Start with a dummy run of h2xs: h2xs -Afn Ext::Ension The only purpose of this step is to create the needed directories, and let you know the names of these directories. From the output you can see that the directory for the extension is F. =item Copy C files Copy your header files and C files to this directory F. =item Create the extension Run h2xs, overwriting older autogenerated files: h2xs -Oxan Ext::Ension interface_simple.h interface_hairy.h h2xs looks for header files I changing to the extension directory, so it will find your header files OK. =item Archive and test As usual, run cd Ext/Ension perl Makefile.PL make dist make make test =item Hints It is important to do C as early as possible. This way you can easily merge(1) your changes to autogenerated files if you decide to edit your C<.h> files and rerun h2xs. Do not forget to edit the documentation in the generated F<.pm> file. Consider the autogenerated files as skeletons only, you may invent better interfaces than what h2xs could guess. Consider this section as a guideline only, some other options of h2xs may better suit your needs. =back =head1 ENVIRONMENT No environment variables are used. =head1 AUTHOR Larry Wall and others =head1 SEE ALSO L, L, L, and L. =head1 DIAGNOSTICS The usual warnings if it cannot read or write the files involved. =head1 LIMITATIONS of B<-x> F would not distinguish whether an argument to a C function which is of the form, say, C, is an input, output, or input/output parameter. In particular, argument declarations of the form int foo(n) int *n should be better rewritten as int foo(n) int &n if C is an input parameter. Additionally, F has no facilities to intuit that a function int foo(addr,l) char *addr int l takes a pair of address and length of data at this address, so it is better to rewrite this function as int foo(sv) SV *addr PREINIT: STRLEN len; char *s; CODE: s = SvPV(sv,len); RETVAL = foo(s, len); OUTPUT: RETVAL or alternately static int my_foo(SV *sv) { STRLEN len; char *s = SvPV(sv,len); return foo(s, len); } MODULE = foo PACKAGE = foo PREFIX = my_ int foo(sv) SV *sv See L and L for additional details. =cut # ' # Grr use strict; my( $H2XS_VERSION ) = ' $Revision: 1.22 $ ' =~ /\$Revision:\s+([^\s]+)/; my $TEMPLATE_VERSION = '0.01'; my @ARGS = @ARGV; my $compat_version = $]; use Getopt::Long; use Config; use Text::Wrap; $Text::Wrap::huge = 'overflow'; $Text::Wrap::columns = 80; use ExtUtils::Constant qw (WriteConstants WriteMakefileSnippet autoload); use File::Compare; sub usage { warn "@_\n" if @_; die < --skip-strict Do not use the pragma C --skip-warnings Do not use the pragma C -v, --version Specify a version number for this extension. -x, --autogen-xsubs Autogenerate XSUBs using C::Scan. extra_libraries are any libraries that might be needed for loading the extension, e.g. -lm would try to link in the math library. EOFUSAGE } my ($opt_A, $opt_B, $opt_C, $opt_F, $opt_M, $opt_O, $opt_P, $opt_X, $opt_a, $opt_c, $opt_d, $opt_f, $opt_g, $opt_h, $opt_k, $opt_m, $opt_n, $opt_o, $opt_p, $opt_s, $opt_v, $opt_x, $opt_b, $opt_t, $new_test, $old_test, $skip_exporter, $skip_ppport, $skip_autoloader, $skip_strict, $skip_warnings, ); Getopt::Long::Configure('bundling'); my %options = ( 'omit-autoload|A' => \$opt_A, 'beta-version|B' => \$opt_B, 'omit-changes|C' => \$opt_C, 'cpp-flags|F=s' => \$opt_F, 'func-mask|M=s' => \$opt_M, 'overwrite_ok|O' => \$opt_O, 'omit-pod|P' => \$opt_P, 'omit-XS|X' => \$opt_X, 'gen-accessors|a' => \$opt_a, 'compat-version|b=s' => \$opt_b, 'omit-constant|c' => \$opt_c, 'debugging|d' => \$opt_d, 'force|f' => \$opt_f, 'global|g' => \$opt_g, 'help|h|?' => \$opt_h, 'omit-const-func|k' => \$opt_k, 'gen-tied-var|m' => \$opt_m, 'name|n=s' => \$opt_n, 'opaque-re|o=s' => \$opt_o, 'remove-prefix|p=s' => \$opt_p, 'const-subs|s=s' => \$opt_s, 'default-type|t=s' => \$opt_t, 'version|v=s' => \$opt_v, 'autogen-xsubs|x' => \$opt_x, 'use-new-tests' => \$new_test, 'use-old-tests' => \$old_test, 'skip-exporter' => \$skip_exporter, 'skip-ppport' => \$skip_ppport, 'skip-autoloader' => \$skip_autoloader, 'skip-warnings' => \$skip_warnings, 'skip-strict' => \$skip_strict, ); GetOptions(%options) || usage; usage if $opt_h; if( $opt_b ){ usage "You cannot use -b and -m at the same time.\n" if ($opt_b && $opt_m); $opt_b =~ /^\d+\.\d+\.\d+/ || usage "You must provide the backwards compatibility version in X.Y.Z form. " . "(i.e. 5.5.0)\n"; my ($maj,$min,$sub) = split(/\./,$opt_b,3); if ($maj < 5 || ($maj == 5 && $min < 6)) { $compat_version = $sub ? sprintf("%d.%03d%02d",$maj,$min,$sub) : sprintf("%d.%03d", $maj,$min); } else { $compat_version = $sub ? sprintf("%d.%03d%03d",$maj,$min,$sub) : sprintf("%d.%03d", $maj,$min); } } else { my ($maj,$min,$sub) = $compat_version =~ /(\d+)\.(\d\d\d)(\d*)/; $sub ||= 0; warn sprintf <<'EOF', $maj,$min,$sub; Defaulting to backwards compatibility with perl %d.%d.%d If you intend this module to be compatible with earlier perl versions, please specify a minimum perl version with the -b option. EOF } if( $opt_B ){ $TEMPLATE_VERSION = '0.00_01'; } if( $opt_v ){ $TEMPLATE_VERSION = $opt_v; # check if it is numeric my $temp_version = $TEMPLATE_VERSION; my $beta_version = $temp_version =~ s/(\d)_(\d\d)/$1$2/; my $notnum; { local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub { $notnum = 1 }; use warnings 'numeric'; $temp_version = 0+$temp_version; } if ($notnum) { my $module = $opt_n || 'Your::Module'; warn <<"EOF"; You have specified a non-numeric version. Unless you supply an appropriate VERSION class method, users may not be able to specify a minimum required version with C. EOF } else { $opt_B = $beta_version; } } # -A implies -c. $skip_autoloader = $opt_c = 1 if $opt_A; # -X implies -c and -f $opt_c = $opt_f = 1 if $opt_X; $opt_t ||= 'IV'; my %const_xsub = map { $_,1 } split(/,+/, $opt_s) if $opt_s; my $extralibs = ''; my @path_h; while (my $arg = shift) { if ($arg =~ /^-l/i) { $extralibs = "$arg @ARGV"; last; } push(@path_h, $arg); } usage "Must supply header file or module name\n" unless (@path_h or $opt_n); my $fmask; my $tmask; $fmask = qr{$opt_M} if defined $opt_M; $tmask = qr{$opt_o} if defined $opt_o; my $tmask_all = $tmask && $opt_o eq '.'; if ($opt_x) { eval {require C::Scan; 1} or die <= 0.70 or die <curdir(), $Config{usrinc}, (split ' ', $Config{locincpth}), '/usr/include'); } foreach my $path_h (@path_h) { $name ||= $path_h; $module ||= do { $name =~ s/\.h$//; if ( $name !~ /::/ ) { $name =~ s#^.*/##; $name = "\u$name"; } $name; }; if( $path_h =~ s#::#/#g && $opt_n ){ warn "Nesting of headerfile ignored with -n\n"; } $path_h .= ".h" unless $path_h =~ /\.h$/; my $fullpath = $path_h; $path_h =~ s/,.*$// if $opt_x; $fullpath{$path_h} = $fullpath; # Minor trickery: we can't chdir() before we processed the headers # (so know the name of the extension), but the header may be in the # extension directory... my $tmp_path_h = $path_h; my $rel_path_h = $path_h; my @dirs = @paths; if (not -f $path_h) { my $found; for my $dir (@paths) { $found++, last if -f ($path_h = File::Spec->catfile($dir, $tmp_path_h)); } if ($found) { $rel_path_h = $path_h; $fullpath{$path_h} = $fullpath; } else { (my $epath = $module) =~ s,::,/,g; $epath = File::Spec->catdir('ext', $epath) if -d 'ext'; $rel_path_h = File::Spec->catfile($epath, $tmp_path_h); $path_h = $tmp_path_h; # Used during -x push @dirs, $epath; } } if (!$opt_c) { die "Can't find $tmp_path_h in @dirs\n" if ( ! $opt_f && ! -f "$rel_path_h" ); # Scan the header file (we should deal with nested header files) # Record the names of simple #define constants into const_names # Function prototypes are processed below. open(CH, "<$rel_path_h") || die "Can't open $rel_path_h: $!\n"; defines: while () { if ($pre_sub_tri_graphs) { # Preprocess all tri-graphs # including things stuck in quoted string constants. s/\?\?=/#/g; # | ??=| #| s/\?\?\!/|/g; # | ??!| || s/\?\?'/^/g; # | ??'| ^| s/\?\?\(/[/g; # | ??(| [| s/\?\?\)/]/g; # | ??)| ]| s/\?\?\-/~/g; # | ??-| ~| s/\?\?\//\\/g; # | ??/| \| s/\?\?/}/g; # | ??>| }| } if (/^[ \t]*#[ \t]*define\s+([\$\w]+)\b(?!\()\s*(?=[^"\s])(.*)/) { my $def = $1; my $rest = $2; $rest =~ s!/\*.*?(\*/|\n)|//.*!!g; # Remove comments $rest =~ s/^\s+//; $rest =~ s/\s+$//; # Cannot do: (-1) and ((LHANDLE)3) are OK: #print("Skip non-wordy $def => $rest\n"), # next defines if $rest =~ /[^\w\$]/; if ($rest =~ /"/) { print("Skip stringy $def => $rest\n") if $opt_d; next defines; } print "Matched $_ ($def)\n" if $opt_d; $seen_define{$def} = $rest; $_ = $def; next if /^_.*_h_*$/i; # special case, but for what? if (defined $opt_p) { if (!/^$opt_p(\d)/) { ++$prefix{$_} if s/^$opt_p//; } else { warn "can't remove $opt_p prefix from '$_'!\n"; } } $prefixless{$def} = $_; if (!$fmask or /$fmask/) { print "... Passes mask of -M.\n" if $opt_d and $fmask; $const_names{$_}++; } } } close(CH); } } } # Save current directory so that C::Scan can use it my $cwd = File::Spec->rel2abs( File::Spec->curdir ); my ($ext, $nested, @modparts, $modfname, $modpname); # As Ilya suggested, use a name that contains - and then it can't clash with # the names of any packages. A directory 'fallback' will clash with any # new pragmata down the fallback:: tree, but that seems unlikely. my $constscfname = 'const-c.inc'; my $constsxsfname = 'const-xs.inc'; my $fallbackdirname = 'fallback'; $ext = chdir 'ext' ? 'ext/' : ''; if( $module =~ /::/ ){ $nested = 1; @modparts = split(/::/,$module); $modfname = $modparts[-1]; $modpname = join('/',@modparts); } else { $nested = 0; @modparts = (); $modfname = $modpname = $module; } if ($opt_O) { warn "Overwriting existing $ext$modpname!!!\n" if -e $modpname; } else { die "Won't overwrite existing $ext$modpname\n" if -e $modpname; } if( $nested ){ my $modpath = ""; foreach (@modparts){ -d "$modpath$_" || mkdir("$modpath$_", 0777); $modpath .= "$_/"; } } -d "$modpname" || mkdir($modpname, 0777); chdir($modpname) || die "Can't chdir $ext$modpname: $!\n"; my %types_seen; my %std_types; my $fdecls = []; my $fdecls_parsed = []; my $typedef_rex; my %typedefs_pre; my %known_fnames; my %structs; my @fnames; my @fnames_no_prefix; my %vdecl_hash; my @vdecls; if( ! $opt_X ){ # use XS, unless it was disabled unless ($skip_ppport) { require Devel::PPPort; warn "Writing $ext$modpname/ppport.h\n"; Devel::PPPort::WriteFile('ppport.h') || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/ppport.h: $!\n"; } open(XS, ">$modfname.xs") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$modfname.xs: $!\n"; if ($opt_x) { warn "Scanning typemaps...\n"; get_typemap(); my @td; my @good_td; my $addflags = $opt_F || ''; foreach my $filename (@path_h) { my $c; my $filter; if ($fullpath{$filename} =~ /,/) { $filename = $`; $filter = $'; } warn "Scanning $filename for functions...\n"; my @styles = $Config{gccversion} ? qw(C++ C9X GNU) : qw(C++ C9X); $c = new C::Scan 'filename' => $filename, 'filename_filter' => $filter, 'add_cppflags' => $addflags, 'c_styles' => \@styles; $c->set('includeDirs' => ["$Config::Config{archlib}/CORE", $cwd]); push @$fdecls_parsed, @{ $c->get('parsed_fdecls') }; push(@$fdecls, @{$c->get('fdecls')}); push @td, @{$c->get('typedefs_maybe')}; if ($opt_a) { my $structs = $c->get('typedef_structs'); @structs{keys %$structs} = values %$structs; } if ($opt_m) { %vdecl_hash = %{ $c->get('vdecl_hash') }; @vdecls = sort keys %vdecl_hash; for (local $_ = 0; $_ < @vdecls; ++$_) { my $var = $vdecls[$_]; my($type, $post) = @{ $vdecl_hash{$var} }; if (defined $post) { warn "Can't handle variable '$type $var $post', skipping.\n"; splice @vdecls, $_, 1; redo; } $type = normalize_type($type); $vdecl_hash{$var} = $type; } } unless ($tmask_all) { warn "Scanning $filename for typedefs...\n"; my $td = $c->get('typedef_hash'); # eval {require 'dumpvar.pl'; ::dumpValue($td)} or warn $@ if $opt_d; my @f_good_td = grep $td->{$_}[1] eq '', keys %$td; push @good_td, @f_good_td; @typedefs_pre{@f_good_td} = map $_->[0], @$td{@f_good_td}; } } { local $" = '|'; $typedef_rex = qr(\b(?[$i][1] =~ /$fmask/; # [1] is NAME push @good, $i; print "... Function $fdecls_parsed->[$i][1] passes -M mask.\n" if $opt_d; } $fdecls = [@$fdecls[@good]]; $fdecls_parsed = [@$fdecls_parsed[@good]]; } @fnames = sort map $_->[1], @$fdecls_parsed; # 1 is NAME # Sort declarations: { my %h = map( ($_->[1], $_), @$fdecls_parsed); $fdecls_parsed = [ @h{@fnames} ]; } @fnames_no_prefix = @fnames; @fnames_no_prefix = sort map { ++$prefix{$_} if s/^$opt_p(?!\d)//; $_ } @fnames_no_prefix if defined $opt_p; # Remove macros which expand to typedefs print "Typedefs are @td.\n" if $opt_d; my %td = map {($_, $_)} @td; # Add some other possible but meaningless values for macros for my $k (qw(char double float int long short unsigned signed void)) { $td{"$_$k"} = "$_$k" for ('', 'signed ', 'unsigned '); } # eval {require 'dumpvar.pl'; ::dumpValue( [\@td, \%td] ); 1} or warn $@; my $n = 0; my %bad_macs; while (keys %td > $n) { $n = keys %td; my ($k, $v); while (($k, $v) = each %seen_define) { # print("found '$k'=>'$v'\n"), $bad_macs{$k} = $td{$k} = $td{$v} if exists $td{$v}; } } # Now %bad_macs contains names of bad macros for my $k (keys %bad_macs) { delete $const_names{$prefixless{$k}}; print "Ignoring macro $k which expands to a typedef name '$bad_macs{$k}'\n" if $opt_d; } } } my @const_names = sort keys %const_names; open(PM, ">$modfname.pm") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$modfname.pm: $!\n"; $" = "\n\t"; warn "Writing $ext$modpname/$modfname.pm\n"; print PM <<"END"; package $module; use $compat_version; END print PM <<"END" unless $skip_strict; use strict; END print PM "use warnings;\n" unless $skip_warnings or $compat_version < 5.006; unless( $opt_X || $opt_c || $opt_A ){ # we'll have an AUTOLOAD(), and it will have $AUTOLOAD and # will want Carp. print PM <<'END'; use Carp; END } print PM <<'END' unless $skip_exporter; require Exporter; END my $use_Dyna = (not $opt_X and $compat_version < 5.006); print PM <<"END" if $use_Dyna; # use DynaLoader, unless XS was disabled require DynaLoader; END # Are we using AutoLoader or not? unless ($skip_autoloader) { # no autoloader whatsoever. unless ($opt_c) { # we're doing the AUTOLOAD print PM "use AutoLoader;\n"; } else { print PM "use AutoLoader qw(AUTOLOAD);\n" } } if ( $compat_version < 5.006 ) { my $vars = '$VERSION @ISA'; $vars .= ' @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS' unless $skip_exporter; $vars .= ' $AUTOLOAD' unless $opt_X || $opt_c || $opt_A; $vars .= ' $XS_VERSION' if $opt_B && !$opt_X; print PM "use vars qw($vars);"; } # Determine @ISA. my @modISA; push @modISA, 'Exporter' unless $skip_exporter; push @modISA, 'DynaLoader' if $use_Dyna; # no XS my $myISA = "our \@ISA = qw(@modISA);"; $myISA =~ s/^our // if $compat_version < 5.006; print PM "\n$myISA\n\n"; my @exported_names = (@const_names, @fnames_no_prefix, map '$'.$_, @vdecls); my $tmp=''; $tmp .= <<"END" unless $skip_exporter; # Items to export into callers namespace by default. Note: do not export # names by default without a very good reason. Use EXPORT_OK instead. # Do not simply export all your public functions/methods/constants. # This allows declaration use $module ':all'; # If you do not need this, moving things directly into \@EXPORT or \@EXPORT_OK # will save memory. our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( 'all' => [ qw( @exported_names ) ] ); our \@EXPORT_OK = ( \@{ \$EXPORT_TAGS{'all'} } ); our \@EXPORT = qw( @const_names ); END $tmp .= "our \$VERSION = '$TEMPLATE_VERSION';\n"; if ($opt_B) { $tmp .= "our \$XS_VERSION = \$VERSION;\n" unless $opt_X; $tmp .= "\$VERSION = eval \$VERSION; # see L\n"; } $tmp .= "\n"; $tmp =~ s/^our //mg if $compat_version < 5.006; print PM $tmp; if (@vdecls) { printf PM "our(@{[ join ', ', map '$'.$_, @vdecls ]});\n\n"; } print PM autoload ($module, $compat_version) unless $opt_c or $opt_X; if( ! $opt_X ){ # print bootstrap, unless XS is disabled if ($use_Dyna) { $tmp = <<"END"; bootstrap $module \$VERSION; END } else { $tmp = <<"END"; require XSLoader; XSLoader::load('$module', \$VERSION); END } $tmp =~ s:\$VERSION:\$XS_VERSION:g if $opt_B; print PM $tmp; } # tying the variables can happen only after bootstrap if (@vdecls) { printf PM <))[0,6]; if (defined $username && defined $author) { $author =~ s/,.*$//; # in case of sub fields my $domain = $Config{'mydomain'}; $domain =~ s/^\.//; $email = "$username\@$domain"; } }; $author ||= "A. U. Thor"; $email ||= 'a.u.thor@a.galaxy.far.far.away'; my $revhist = ''; $revhist = < should be removed. # #EOD $exp_doc .= <${email}E # #=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE # #Copyright ${\(1900 + (localtime) [5])} by $author # #This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify #it under the same terms as Perl itself. # #=cut END $pod =~ s/^\#//gm unless $opt_P; print PM $pod unless $opt_P; close PM; if( ! $opt_X ){ # print XS, unless it is disabled warn "Writing $ext$modpname/$modfname.xs\n"; print XS <<"END"; #include "EXTERN.h" #include "perl.h" #include "XSUB.h" END print XS <<"END" unless $skip_ppport; #include "ppport.h" END if( @path_h ){ foreach my $path_h (@path_h_ini) { my($h) = $path_h; $h =~ s#^/usr/include/##; if ($^O eq 'VMS') { $h =~ s#.*vms\]#sys/# or $h =~ s#.*[:>\]]##; } print XS qq{#include <$h>\n}; } print XS "\n"; } print XS <<"END" if $opt_g; /* Global Data */ #define MY_CXT_KEY "${module}::_guts" XS_VERSION typedef struct { /* Put Global Data in here */ int dummy; /* you can access this elsewhere as MY_CXT.dummy */ } my_cxt_t; START_MY_CXT END my %pointer_typedefs; my %struct_typedefs; sub td_is_pointer { my $type = shift; my $out = $pointer_typedefs{$type}; return $out if defined $out; my $otype = $type; $out = ($type =~ /\*$/); # This converts only the guys which do not have trailing part in the typedef if (not $out and $typedef_rex and $type =~ s/($typedef_rex)/$typedefs_pre{$1}/go) { $type = normalize_type($type); print "Is-Pointer: Type mutation via typedefs: $otype ==> $type\n" if $opt_d; $out = td_is_pointer($type); } return ($pointer_typedefs{$otype} = $out); } sub td_is_struct { my $type = shift; my $out = $struct_typedefs{$type}; return $out if defined $out; my $otype = $type; $out = ($type =~ /^(struct|union)\b/) && !td_is_pointer($type); # This converts only the guys which do not have trailing part in the typedef if (not $out and $typedef_rex and $type =~ s/($typedef_rex)/$typedefs_pre{$1}/go) { $type = normalize_type($type); print "Is-Struct: Type mutation via typedefs: $otype ==> $type\n" if $opt_d; $out = td_is_struct($type); } return ($struct_typedefs{$otype} = $out); } print_tievar_subs(\*XS, $_, $vdecl_hash{$_}) for @vdecls; if( ! $opt_c ) { # We write the "sample" files used when this module is built by perl without # ExtUtils::Constant. # h2xs will later check that these are the same as those generated by the # code embedded into Makefile.PL unless (-d $fallbackdirname) { mkdir "$fallbackdirname" or die "Cannot mkdir $fallbackdirname: $!\n"; } warn "Writing $ext$modpname/$fallbackdirname/$constscfname\n"; warn "Writing $ext$modpname/$fallbackdirname/$constsxsfname\n"; my $cfallback = File::Spec->catfile($fallbackdirname, $constscfname); my $xsfallback = File::Spec->catfile($fallbackdirname, $constsxsfname); WriteConstants ( C_FILE => $cfallback, XS_FILE => $xsfallback, DEFAULT_TYPE => $opt_t, NAME => $module, NAMES => \@const_names, ); print XS "#include \"$constscfname\"\n"; } my $prefix = defined $opt_p ? "PREFIX = $opt_p" : ''; # Now switch from C to XS by issuing the first MODULE declaration: print XS <<"END"; MODULE = $module PACKAGE = $module $prefix END # If a constant() function was #included then output a corresponding # XS declaration: print XS "INCLUDE: $constsxsfname\n" unless $opt_c; print XS <<"END" if $opt_g; BOOT: { MY_CXT_INIT; /* If any of the fields in the my_cxt_t struct need to be initialised, do it here. */ } END foreach (sort keys %const_xsub) { print XS <<"END"; char * $_() CODE: #ifdef $_ RETVAL = $_; #else croak("Your vendor has not defined the $module macro $_"); #endif OUTPUT: RETVAL END } my %seen_decl; my %typemap; sub print_decl { my $fh = shift; my $decl = shift; my ($type, $name, $args) = @$decl; return if $seen_decl{$name}++; # Need to do the same for docs as well? my @argnames = map {$_->[1]} @$args; my @argtypes = map { normalize_type( $_->[0], 1 ) } @$args; if ($opt_k) { s/^\s*const\b\s*// for @argtypes; } my @argarrays = map { $_->[4] || '' } @$args; my $numargs = @$args; if ($numargs and $argtypes[-1] eq '...') { $numargs--; $argnames[-1] = '...'; } local $" = ', '; $type = normalize_type($type, 1); print $fh <<"EOP"; $type $name(@argnames) EOP for my $arg (0 .. $numargs - 1) { print $fh <<"EOP"; $argtypes[$arg] $argnames[$arg]$argarrays[$arg] EOP } } sub print_tievar_subs { my($fh, $name, $type) = @_; print $fh <[0] =~ /_ANON/) { if (defined $item->[2]) { push @items, map [ @$_[0, 1], "$item->[2]_$_->[2]", "$item->[2].$_->[2]", ], @{ $structs{$item->[0]} }; } else { push @items, @{ $structs{$item->[0]} }; } } else { my $type = normalize_type($item->[0]); my $ttype = $structs{$type} ? normalize_type("$type *") : $type; print $fh <<"EOF"; $ttype $item->[2](THIS, __value = NO_INIT) $ptrname THIS $type __value PROTOTYPE: \$;\$ CODE: if (items > 1) THIS->$item->[-1] = __value; RETVAL = @{[ $type eq $ttype ? "THIS->$item->[-1]" : "&(THIS->$item->[-1])" ]}; OUTPUT: RETVAL EOF } } } sub accessor_docs { my($name, $struct) = @_; return unless defined $struct && $name !~ /\s|_ANON/; $name = normalize_type($name); my $ptrname = $name . 'Ptr'; my @items = @$struct; my @list; while (@items) { my $item = shift @items; if ($item->[0] =~ /_ANON/) { if (defined $item->[2]) { push @items, map [ @$_[0, 1], "$item->[2]_$_->[2]", "$item->[2].$_->[2]", ], @{ $structs{$item->[0]} }; } else { push @items, @{ $structs{$item->[0]} }; } } else { push @list, $item->[2]; } } my $methods = (join '(...)>, C<', @list) . '(...)'; my $pod = <<"EOF"; # #=head2 Object and class methods for C<$name>/C<$ptrname> # #The principal Perl representation of a C object of type C<$name> is an #object of class C<$ptrname> which is a reference to an integer #representation of a C pointer. To create such an object, one may use #a combination # # my \$buffer = $name->new(); # my \$obj = \$buffer->_to_ptr(); # #This exersizes the following two methods, and an additional class #C<$name>, the internal representation of which is a reference to a #packed string with the C structure. Keep in mind that \$buffer should #better survive longer than \$obj. # #=over # #=item C<\$object_of_type_$name-E_to_ptr()> # #Converts an object of type C<$name> to an object of type C<$ptrname>. # #=item C<$name-Enew()> # #Creates an empty object of type C<$name>. The corresponding packed #string is zeroed out. # #=item C<$methods> # #return the current value of the corresponding element if called #without additional arguments. Set the element to the supplied value #(and return the new value) if called with an additional argument. # #Applicable to objects of type C<$ptrname>. # #=back # EOF $pod =~ s/^\#//gm; return $pod; } # Should be called before any actual call to normalize_type(). sub get_typemap { # We do not want to read ./typemap by obvios reasons. my @tm = qw(../../../typemap ../../typemap ../typemap); my $stdtypemap = "$Config::Config{privlib}/ExtUtils/typemap"; unshift @tm, $stdtypemap; my $proto_re = "[" . quotemeta('\$%&*@;') . "]" ; # Start with useful default values $typemap{float} = 'T_NV'; foreach my $typemap (@tm) { next unless -e $typemap ; # skip directories, binary files etc. warn " Scanning $typemap\n"; warn("Warning: ignoring non-text typemap file '$typemap'\n"), next unless -T $typemap ; open(TYPEMAP, $typemap) or warn ("Warning: could not open typemap file '$typemap': $!\n"), next; my $mode = 'Typemap'; while () { next if /^\s*\#/; if (/^INPUT\s*$/) { $mode = 'Input'; next; } elsif (/^OUTPUT\s*$/) { $mode = 'Output'; next; } elsif (/^TYPEMAP\s*$/) { $mode = 'Typemap'; next; } elsif ($mode eq 'Typemap') { next if /^\s*($|\#)/ ; my ($type, $image); if ( ($type, $image) = /^\s*(.*?\S)\s+(\S+)\s*($proto_re*)\s*$/o # This may reference undefined functions: and not ($image eq 'T_PACKED' and $typemap eq $stdtypemap)) { $typemap{normalize_type($type)} = $image; } } } close(TYPEMAP) or die "Cannot close $typemap: $!"; } %std_types = %types_seen; %types_seen = (); } sub normalize_type { # Second arg: do not strip const's before \* my $type = shift; my $do_keep_deep_const = shift; # If $do_keep_deep_const this is heuristical only my $keep_deep_const = ($do_keep_deep_const ? '\b(?![^(,)]*\*)' : ''); my $ignore_mods = "(?:\\b(?:(?:__const__|const)$keep_deep_const|static|inline|__inline__)\\b\\s*)*"; if ($do_keep_deep_const) { # Keep different compiled /RExen/o separately! $type =~ s/$ignore_mods//go; } else { $type =~ s/$ignore_mods//go; } $type =~ s/([^\s\w])/ $1 /g; $type =~ s/\s+$//; $type =~ s/^\s+//; $type =~ s/\s+/ /g; $type =~ s/\* (?=\*)/*/g; $type =~ s/\. \. \./.../g; $type =~ s/ ,/,/g; $types_seen{$type}++ unless $type eq '...' or $type eq 'void' or $std_types{$type}; $type; } my $need_opaque; sub assign_typemap_entry { my $type = shift; my $otype = $type; my $entry; if ($tmask and $type =~ /$tmask/) { print "Type $type matches -o mask\n" if $opt_d; $entry = (td_is_struct($type) ? "T_OPAQUE_STRUCT" : "T_PTROBJ"); } elsif ($typedef_rex and $type =~ s/($typedef_rex)/$typedefs_pre{$1}/go) { $type = normalize_type $type; print "Type mutation via typedefs: $otype ==> $type\n" if $opt_d; $entry = assign_typemap_entry($type); } # XXX good do better if our UV happens to be long long return "T_NV" if $type =~ /^(unsigned\s+)?long\s+(long|double)\z/; $entry ||= $typemap{$otype} || (td_is_struct($type) ? "T_OPAQUE_STRUCT" : "T_PTROBJ"); $typemap{$otype} = $entry; $need_opaque = 1 if $entry eq "T_OPAQUE_STRUCT"; return $entry; } for (@vdecls) { print_tievar_xsubs(\*XS, $_, $vdecl_hash{$_}); } if ($opt_x) { for my $decl (@$fdecls_parsed) { print_decl(\*XS, $decl) } if ($opt_a) { while (my($name, $struct) = each %structs) { print_accessors(\*XS, $name, $struct); } } } close XS; if (%types_seen) { my $type; warn "Writing $ext$modpname/typemap\n"; open TM, ">typemap" or die "Cannot open typemap file for write: $!"; for $type (sort keys %types_seen) { my $entry = assign_typemap_entry $type; print TM $type, "\t" x (5 - int((length $type)/8)), "\t$entry\n" } print TM <<'EOP' if $need_opaque; # Older Perls do not have correct entry ############################################################################# INPUT T_OPAQUE_STRUCT if (sv_derived_from($arg, \"${ntype}\")) { STRLEN len; char *s = SvPV((SV*)SvRV($arg), len); if (len != sizeof($var)) croak(\"Size %d of packed data != expected %d\", len, sizeof($var)); $var = *($type *)s; } else croak(\"$var is not of type ${ntype}\") ############################################################################# OUTPUT T_OPAQUE_STRUCT sv_setref_pvn($arg, \"${ntype}\", (char *)&$var, sizeof($var)); EOP close TM or die "Cannot close typemap file for write: $!"; } } # if( ! $opt_X ) warn "Writing $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL\n"; open(PL, ">Makefile.PL") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL: $!\n"; my $prereq_pm; if ( $compat_version < 5.00702 and $new_test ) { $prereq_pm = q%'Test::More' => 0%; } else { $prereq_pm = ''; } print PL <<"END"; use $compat_version; use ExtUtils::MakeMaker; # See lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm for details of how to influence # the contents of the Makefile that is written. WriteMakefile( 'NAME' => '$module', 'VERSION_FROM' => '$modfname.pm', # finds \$VERSION 'PREREQ_PM' => {$prereq_pm}, # e.g., Module::Name => 1.1 (\$] >= 5.005 ? ## Add these new keywords supported since 5.005 (ABSTRACT_FROM => '$modfname.pm', # retrieve abstract from module AUTHOR => '$author <$email>') : ()), END if (!$opt_X) { # print C stuff, unless XS is disabled $opt_F = '' unless defined $opt_F; my $I = (((glob '*.h') || (glob '*.hh')) ? '-I.' : ''); my $Ihelp = ($I ? '-I. ' : ''); my $Icomment = ($I ? '' : < ['$extralibs'], # e.g., '-lm' 'DEFINE' => '$opt_F', # e.g., '-DHAVE_SOMETHING' $Icomment 'INC' => '$I', # e.g., '${Ihelp}-I/usr/include/other' END my $C = grep {$_ ne "$modfname.c"} (glob '*.c'), (glob '*.cc'), (glob '*.C'); my $Cpre = ($C ? '' : '# '); my $Ccomment = ($C ? '' : < '\$(O_FILES)', # link all the C files too END } # ' # Grr print PL ");\n"; if (!$opt_c) { my $generate_code = WriteMakefileSnippet ( C_FILE => $constscfname, XS_FILE => $constsxsfname, DEFAULT_TYPE => $opt_t, NAME => $module, NAMES => \@const_names, ); print PL <<"END"; if (eval {require ExtUtils::Constant; 1}) { # If you edit these definitions to change the constants used by this module, # you will need to use the generated $constscfname and $constsxsfname # files to replace their "fallback" counterparts before distributing your # changes. $generate_code } else { use File::Copy; use File::Spec; foreach my \$file ('$constscfname', '$constsxsfname') { my \$fallback = File::Spec->catfile('$fallbackdirname', \$file); copy (\$fallback, \$file) or die "Can't copy \$fallback to \$file: \$!"; } } END eval $generate_code; if ($@) { warn <<"EOM"; Attempting to test constant code in $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL: $generate_code __END__ gave unexpected error $@ Please report the circumstances of this bug in h2xs version $H2XS_VERSION using the perlbug script. EOM } else { my $fail; foreach my $file ($constscfname, $constsxsfname) { my $fallback = File::Spec->catfile($fallbackdirname, $file); if (compare($file, $fallback)) { warn << "EOM"; Files "$ext$modpname/$fallbackdirname/$file" and "$ext$modpname/$file" differ. EOM $fail++; } } if ($fail) { warn fill ('','', <<"EOM") . "\n"; It appears that the code in $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL does not autogenerate the files $ext$modpname/$constscfname and $ext$modpname/$constsxsfname correctly. Please report the circumstances of this bug in h2xs version $H2XS_VERSION using the perlbug script. EOM } else { unlink $constscfname, $constsxsfname; } } } close(PL) || die "Can't close $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL: $!\n"; # Create a simple README since this is a CPAN requirement # and it doesnt hurt to have one warn "Writing $ext$modpname/README\n"; open(RM, ">README") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/README:$!\n"; my $thisyear = (gmtime)[5] + 1900; my $rmhead = "$modpname version $TEMPLATE_VERSION"; my $rmheadeq = "=" x length($rmhead); my $rm_prereq; if ( $compat_version < 5.00702 and $new_test ) { $rm_prereq = 'Test::More'; } else { $rm_prereq = 'blah blah blah'; } print RM <<_RMEND_; $rmhead $rmheadeq The README is used to introduce the module and provide instructions on how to install the module, any machine dependencies it may have (for example C compilers and installed libraries) and any other information that should be provided before the module is installed. A README file is required for CPAN modules since CPAN extracts the README file from a module distribution so that people browsing the archive can use it get an idea of the modules uses. It is usually a good idea to provide version information here so that people can decide whether fixes for the module are worth downloading. INSTALLATION To install this module type the following: perl Makefile.PL make make test make install DEPENDENCIES This module requires these other modules and libraries: $rm_prereq COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE Put the correct copyright and licence information here. Copyright (C) $thisyear $author This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. _RMEND_ close(RM) || die "Can't close $ext$modpname/README: $!\n"; my $testdir = "t"; my $testfile = "$testdir/1.t"; unless (-d "$testdir") { mkdir "$testdir" or die "Cannot mkdir $testdir: $!\n"; } warn "Writing $ext$modpname/$testfile\n"; my $tests = @const_names ? 2 : 1; open EX, ">$testfile" or die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$testfile: $!\n"; print EX <<_END_; # Before `make install' is performed this script should be runnable with # `make test'. After `make install' it should work as `perl 1.t' ######################### # change 'tests => $tests' to 'tests => last_test_to_print'; _END_ my $test_mod = 'Test::More'; if ( $old_test or ($compat_version < 5.007 and not $new_test )) { my $test_mod = 'Test'; print EX <<_END_; use Test; BEGIN { plan tests => $tests }; use $module; ok(1); # If we made it this far, we're ok. _END_ if (@const_names) { my $const_names = join " ", @const_names; print EX <<'_END_'; my $fail; foreach my $constname (qw( _END_ print EX wrap ("\t", "\t", $const_names); print EX (")) {\n"); print EX <<_END_; next if (eval "my \\\$a = \$constname; 1"); if (\$\@ =~ /^Your vendor has not defined $module macro \$constname/) { print "# pass: \$\@"; } else { print "# fail: \$\@"; \$fail = 1; } } if (\$fail) { print "not ok 2\\n"; } else { print "ok 2\\n"; } _END_ } } else { print EX <<_END_; use Test::More tests => $tests; BEGIN { use_ok('$module') }; _END_ if (@const_names) { my $const_names = join " ", @const_names; print EX <<'_END_'; my $fail = 0; foreach my $constname (qw( _END_ print EX wrap ("\t", "\t", $const_names); print EX (")) {\n"); print EX <<_END_; next if (eval "my \\\$a = \$constname; 1"); if (\$\@ =~ /^Your vendor has not defined $module macro \$constname/) { print "# pass: \$\@"; } else { print "# fail: \$\@"; \$fail = 1; } } ok( \$fail == 0 , 'Constants' ); _END_ } } print EX <<_END_; ######################### # Insert your test code below, the $test_mod module is use()ed here so read # its man page ( perldoc $test_mod ) for help writing this test script. _END_ close(EX) || die "Can't close $ext$modpname/$testfile: $!\n"; unless ($opt_C) { warn "Writing $ext$modpname/Changes\n"; $" = ' '; open(EX, ">Changes") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/Changes: $!\n"; @ARGS = map {/[\s\"\'\`\$*?^|&<>\[\]\{\}\(\)]/ ? "'$_'" : $_} @ARGS; print EX <MANIFEST') or die "Can't create MANIFEST: $!"; my @files = grep { -f } (<*>, , <$fallbackdirname/*>); if (!@files) { eval {opendir(D,'.');}; unless ($@) { @files = readdir(D); closedir(D); } } if (!@files) { @files = map {chomp && $_} `ls`; } if ($^O eq 'VMS') { foreach (@files) { # Clip trailing '.' for portability -- non-VMS OSs don't expect it s%\.$%%; # Fix up for case-sensitive file systems s/$modfname/$modfname/i && next; $_ = "\U$_" if $_ eq 'manifest' or $_ eq 'changes'; $_ = 'Makefile.PL' if $_ eq 'makefile.pl'; } } print MANI join("\n",@files), "\n"; close MANI;