=over =item %SIG X<%SIG> The hash C<%SIG> contains signal handlers for signals. For example: sub handler { # 1st argument is signal name my($sig) = @_; print "Caught a SIG$sig--shutting down\n"; close(LOG); exit(0); } $SIG{'INT'} = \&handler; $SIG{'QUIT'} = \&handler; ... $SIG{'INT'} = 'DEFAULT'; # restore default action $SIG{'QUIT'} = 'IGNORE'; # ignore SIGQUIT Using a value of C<'IGNORE'> usually has the effect of ignoring the signal, except for the C signal. See L for more about this special case. Using an empty string or C as the value has the same effect as C<'DEFAULT'>. Here are some other examples: $SIG{"PIPE"} = "Plumber"; # assumes main::Plumber (not # recommended) $SIG{"PIPE"} = \&Plumber; # just fine; assume current # Plumber $SIG{"PIPE"} = *Plumber; # somewhat esoteric $SIG{"PIPE"} = Plumber(); # oops, what did Plumber() # return?? Be sure not to use a bareword as the name of a signal handler, lest you inadvertently call it. Using a string that doesn't correspond to any existing function or a glob that doesn't contain a code slot is equivalent to C<'IGNORE'>, but a warning is emitted when the handler is being called (the warning is not emitted for the internal hooks described below). If your system has the C function then signal handlers are installed using it. This means you get reliable signal handling. The default delivery policy of signals changed in Perl v5.8.0 from immediate (also known as "unsafe") to deferred, also known as "safe signals". See L for more information. Certain internal hooks can be also set using the C<%SIG> hash. The routine indicated by C<$SIG{__WARN__}> is called when a warning message is about to be printed. The warning message is passed as the first argument. The presence of a C<__WARN__> hook causes the ordinary printing of warnings to C to be suppressed. You can use this to save warnings in a variable, or turn warnings into fatal errors, like this: local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub { die $_[0] }; eval $proggie; As the C<'IGNORE'> hook is not supported by C<__WARN__>, its effect is the same as using C<'DEFAULT'>. You can disable warnings using the empty subroutine: local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {}; The routine indicated by C<$SIG{__DIE__}> is called when a fatal exception is about to be thrown. The error message is passed as the first argument. When a C<__DIE__> hook routine returns, the exception processing continues as it would have in the absence of the hook, unless the hook routine itself exits via a C, a loop exit, or a C. The C<__DIE__> handler is explicitly disabled during the call, so that you can die from a C<__DIE__> handler. Similarly for C<__WARN__>. The C<$SIG{__DIE__}> hook is called even inside an C. It was never intended to happen this way, but an implementation glitch made this possible. This used to be deprecated, as it allowed strange action at a distance like rewriting a pending exception in C<$@>. Plans to rectify this have been scrapped, as users found that rewriting a pending exception is actually a useful feature, and not a bug. The C<$SIG{__DIE__}> doesn't support C<'IGNORE'>; it has the same effect as C<'DEFAULT'>. C<__DIE__>/C<__WARN__> handlers are very special in one respect: they may be called to report (probable) errors found by the parser. In such a case the parser may be in inconsistent state, so any attempt to evaluate Perl code from such a handler will probably result in a segfault. This means that warnings or errors that result from parsing Perl should be used with extreme caution, like this: require Carp if defined $^S; Carp::confess("Something wrong") if defined &Carp::confess; die "Something wrong, but could not load Carp to give " . "backtrace...\n\t" . "To see backtrace try starting Perl with -MCarp switch"; Here the first line will load C I it is the parser who called the handler. The second line will print backtrace and die if C was available. The third line will be executed only if C was not available. Having to even think about the C<$^S> variable in your exception handlers is simply wrong. C<$SIG{__DIE__}> as currently implemented invites grievous and difficult to track down errors. Avoid it and use an C or CORE::GLOBAL::die override instead. See L, L, L, and L for additional information. =back