package Time::Local; use strict; use Carp (); use Exporter; our $VERSION = '1.35'; use parent 'Exporter'; our @EXPORT = qw( timegm timelocal ); our @EXPORT_OK = qw( timegm_modern timelocal_modern timegm_nocheck timelocal_nocheck timegm_posix timelocal_posix ); my @MonthDays = ( 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 ); # Determine breakpoint for rolling century my $ThisYear = ( localtime() )[5]; my $Breakpoint = ( $ThisYear + 50 ) % 100; my $NextCentury = $ThisYear - $ThisYear % 100; $NextCentury += 100 if $Breakpoint < 50; my $Century = $NextCentury - 100; my $SecOff = 0; my ( %Options, %Cheat ); use constant SECS_PER_MINUTE => 60; use constant SECS_PER_HOUR => 3600; use constant SECS_PER_DAY => 86400; my $MaxDay; if ( $] < 5.012000 ) { require Config; ## no critic (Variables::ProhibitPackageVars) my $MaxInt; if ( $^O eq 'MacOS' ) { # time_t is unsigned... $MaxInt = ( 1 << ( 8 * $Config::Config{ivsize} ) ) - 1; ## no critic qw(ProhibitPackageVars) } else { $MaxInt = ( ( 1 << ( 8 * $Config::Config{ivsize} - 2 ) ) - 1 ) * 2 + 1; ## no critic qw(ProhibitPackageVars) } $MaxDay = int( ( $MaxInt - ( SECS_PER_DAY / 2 ) ) / SECS_PER_DAY ) - 1; } else { # recent localtime()'s limit is the year 2**31 $MaxDay = 365 * ( 2**31 ); # On (some?) 32-bit platforms this overflows and we end up with a negative # $MaxDay, which totally breaks this module. This is the old calculation # we used from the days before Perl always had 64-bit time_t. if ( $MaxDay < 0 ) { require Config; ## no critic (Variables::ProhibitPackageVars) my $max_int = ( ( 1 << ( 8 * $Config::Config{intsize} - 2 ) ) - 1 ) * 2 + 1; $MaxDay = int( ( $max_int - ( SECS_PER_DAY / 2 ) ) / SECS_PER_DAY ) - 1; } } # Determine the EPOC day for this machine my $Epoc = 0; if ( $^O eq 'vos' ) { # work around posix-977 -- VOS doesn't handle dates in the range # 1970-1980. $Epoc = _daygm( 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 70, 4, 0 ); } elsif ( $^O eq 'MacOS' ) { $MaxDay *= 2; # time_t unsigned ... quick hack? # MacOS time() is seconds since 1 Jan 1904, localtime # so we need to calculate an offset to apply later $Epoc = 693901; $SecOff = timelocal( localtime(0) ) - timelocal( gmtime(0) ); $Epoc += _daygm( gmtime(0) ); } else { $Epoc = _daygm( gmtime(0) ); } %Cheat = (); # clear the cache as epoc has changed sub _daygm { # This is written in such a byzantine way in order to avoid # lexical variables and sub calls, for speed return $_[3] + ( $Cheat{ pack( 'ss', @_[ 4, 5 ] ) } ||= do { my $month = ( $_[4] + 10 ) % 12; my $year = $_[5] + 1900 - int( $month / 10 ); ( ( 365 * $year ) + int( $year / 4 ) - int( $year / 100 ) + int( $year / 400 ) + int( ( ( $month * 306 ) + 5 ) / 10 ) ) - $Epoc; } ); } sub _timegm { my $sec = $SecOff + $_[0] + ( SECS_PER_MINUTE * $_[1] ) + ( SECS_PER_HOUR * $_[2] ); return $sec + ( SECS_PER_DAY * &_daygm ); } sub timegm { my ( $sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $month, $year ) = @_; my $subsec = $sec - int($sec); $sec = int($sec); if ( $Options{no_year_munging} ) { $year -= 1900; } elsif ( !$Options{posix_year} ) { if ( $year >= 1000 ) { $year -= 1900; } elsif ( $year < 100 and $year >= 0 ) { $year += ( $year > $Breakpoint ) ? $Century : $NextCentury; } } unless ( $Options{no_range_check} ) { Carp::croak("Month '$month' out of range 0..11") if $month > 11 or $month < 0; my $md = $MonthDays[$month]; ++$md if $month == 1 && _is_leap_year( $year + 1900 ); Carp::croak("Day '$mday' out of range 1..$md") if $mday > $md or $mday < 1; Carp::croak("Hour '$hour' out of range 0..23") if $hour > 23 or $hour < 0; Carp::croak("Minute '$min' out of range 0..59") if $min > 59 or $min < 0; Carp::croak("Second '$sec' out of range 0..59") if $sec >= 60 or $sec < 0; } my $days = _daygm( undef, undef, undef, $mday, $month, $year ); if ( abs($days) > $MaxDay && !$Options{no_range_check} ) { my $msg = "Day too big - abs($days) > $MaxDay\n"; $year += 1900; $msg .= "Cannot handle date ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $month, $year)"; Carp::croak($msg); } # Adding in the $subsec value last seems to prevent floating point errors # from creeping in. return ( ( $sec + $SecOff + ( SECS_PER_MINUTE * $min ) + ( SECS_PER_HOUR * $hour ) + ( SECS_PER_DAY * $days ) ) + $subsec ); } sub _is_leap_year { return 0 if $_[0] % 4; return 1 if $_[0] % 100; return 0 if $_[0] % 400; return 1; } sub timegm_nocheck { local $Options{no_range_check} = 1; return &timegm; } sub timegm_modern { local $Options{no_year_munging} = 1; return &timegm; } sub timegm_posix { local $Options{posix_year} = 1; return &timegm; } sub timelocal { my $sec = shift; my $subsec = $sec - int($sec); $sec = int($sec); unshift @_, $sec; my $ref_t = &timegm; my $loc_for_ref_t = _timegm( localtime($ref_t) ); my $zone_off = $loc_for_ref_t - $ref_t or return $loc_for_ref_t + $subsec; # Adjust for timezone my $loc_t = $ref_t - $zone_off; # Are we close to a DST change or are we done my $dst_off = $ref_t - _timegm( localtime($loc_t) ); # If this evaluates to true, it means that the value in $loc_t is # the _second_ hour after a DST change where the local time moves # backward. if ( !$dst_off && ( ( $ref_t - SECS_PER_HOUR ) - _timegm( localtime( $loc_t - SECS_PER_HOUR ) ) < 0 ) ) { return ( $loc_t - SECS_PER_HOUR ) + $subsec; } # Adjust for DST change $loc_t += $dst_off; return $loc_t + $subsec if $dst_off > 0; # If the original date was a non-existent gap in a forward DST jump, we # should now have the wrong answer - undo the DST adjustment my ( $s, $m, $h ) = localtime($loc_t); $loc_t -= $dst_off if $s != $_[0] || $m != $_[1] || $h != $_[2]; return $loc_t + $subsec; } sub timelocal_nocheck { local $Options{no_range_check} = 1; return &timelocal; } sub timelocal_modern { local $Options{no_year_munging} = 1; return &timelocal; } sub timelocal_posix { local $Options{posix_year} = 1; return &timelocal; } 1; # ABSTRACT: Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time __END__ =pod =encoding UTF-8 =head1 NAME Time::Local - Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time =head1 VERSION version 1.35 =head1 SYNOPSIS use Time::Local qw( timelocal_posix timegm_posix ); my $time = timelocal_posix( $sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year ); my $time = timegm_posix( $sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year ); =head1 DESCRIPTION This module provides functions that are the inverse of built-in perl functions C and C. They accept a date as a six-element array, and return the corresponding C value in seconds since the system epoch (Midnight, January 1, 1970 GMT on Unix, for example). This value can be positive or negative, though POSIX only requires support for positive values, so dates before the system's epoch may not work on all operating systems. It is worth drawing particular attention to the expected ranges for the values provided. The value for the day of the month is the actual day (i.e. 1..31), while the month is the number of months since January (0..11). This is consistent with the values returned from C and C. =head1 FUNCTIONS =head2 C and C I These functions are the exact inverse of Perl's built-in C and C functions. That means that calling C<< timelocal_posix( localtime($value) ) >> will always give you the same C<$value> you started with. The same applies to C<< timegm_posix( gmtime($value) ) >>. The one exception is when the value returned from C represents an ambiguous local time because of a DST change. See the documentation below for more details. These functions expect the year value to be the number of years since 1900, which is what the C and C built-ins returns. They perform range checking by default on the input C<$sec>, C<$min>, C<$hour>, C<$mday>, and C<$mon> values and will croak (using C) if given a value outside the allowed ranges. While it would be nice to make this the default behavior, that would almost certainly break a lot of code, so you must explicitly import these functions and use them instead of the default C and C. You are B encouraged to use these functions in any new code which uses this module. It will almost certainly make your code's behavior less surprising. =head2 C and C I When C was first written, it was a common practice to represent years as a two-digit value like C<99> for C<1999> or C<1> for C<2001>. This caused all sorts of problems (google "Y2K problem" if you're very young) and developers eventually realized that this was a terrible idea. The default exports of C and C do a complicated calculation when given a year value less than 1000. This leads to surprising results in many cases. See L for details. The C functions do not do this year munging and simply take the year value as provided. They perform range checking by default on the input C<$sec>, C<$min>, C<$hour>, C<$mday>, and C<$mon> values and will croak (using C) if given a value outside the allowed ranges. =head2 C and C This module exports two functions by default, C and C. They perform range checking by default on the input C<$sec>, C<$min>, C<$hour>, C<$mday>, and C<$mon> values and will croak (using C) if given a value outside the allowed ranges. B or C<*_modern> functions if possible.> =head2 C and C If you are working with data you know to be valid, you can use the "nocheck" variants, C and C. These variants must be explicitly imported. If you supply data which is not valid (month 27, second 1,000) the results will be unpredictable (so don't do that). Note that my benchmarks show that this is just a 3% speed increase over the checked versions, so unless calling C is the hottest spot in your application, using these nocheck variants is unlikely to have much impact on your application. =head2 Year Value Interpretation B or C<*_modern> functions. Use those exports if you want to ensure consistent behavior as your code ages.> Strictly speaking, the year should be specified in a form consistent with C, i.e. the offset from 1900. In order to make the interpretation of the year easier for humans, however, who are more accustomed to seeing years as two-digit or four-digit values, the following conventions are followed: =over 4 =item * Years greater than 999 are interpreted as being the actual year, rather than the offset from 1900. Thus, 1964 would indicate the year Martin Luther King won the Nobel prize, not the year 3864. =item * Years in the range 100..999 are interpreted as offset from 1900, so that 112 indicates 2012. This rule also applies to years less than zero (but see note below regarding date range). =item * Years in the range 0..99 are interpreted as shorthand for years in the rolling "current century," defined as 50 years on either side of the current year. Thus, today, in 1999, 0 would refer to 2000, and 45 to 2045, but 55 would refer to 1955. Twenty years from now, 55 would instead refer to 2055. This is messy, but matches the way people currently think about two digit dates. Whenever possible, use an absolute four digit year instead. =back The scheme above allows interpretation of a wide range of dates, particularly if 4-digit years are used. But it also means that the behavior of your code changes as time passes, because the rolling "current century" changes each year. =head2 Limits of time_t On perl versions older than 5.12.0, the range of dates that can be actually be handled depends on the size of C (usually a signed integer) on the given platform. Currently, this is 32 bits for most systems, yielding an approximate range from Dec 1901 to Jan 2038. Both C and C croak if given dates outside the supported range. As of version 5.12.0, perl has stopped using the time implementation of the operating system it's running on. Instead, it has its own implementation of those routines with a safe range of at least +/- 2**52 (about 142 million years) =head2 Ambiguous Local Times (DST) Because of DST changes, there are many time zones where the same local time occurs for two different GMT times on the same day. For example, in the "Europe/Paris" time zone, the local time of 2001-10-28 02:30:00 can represent either 2001-10-28 00:30:00 GMT, B 2001-10-28 01:30:00 GMT. When given an ambiguous local time, the timelocal() function will always return the epoch for the I of the two possible GMT times. =head2 Non-Existent Local Times (DST) When a DST change causes a locale clock to skip one hour forward, there will be an hour's worth of local times that don't exist. Again, for the "Europe/Paris" time zone, the local clock jumped from 2001-03-25 01:59:59 to 2001-03-25 03:00:00. If the C function is given a non-existent local time, it will simply return an epoch value for the time one hour later. =head2 Negative Epoch Values On perl version 5.12.0 and newer, negative epoch values are fully supported. On older versions of perl, negative epoch (C) values, which are not officially supported by the POSIX standards, are known not to work on some systems. These include MacOS (pre-OSX) and Win32. On systems which do support negative epoch values, this module should be able to cope with dates before the start of the epoch, down the minimum value of time_t for the system. =head1 IMPLEMENTATION These routines are quite efficient and yet are always guaranteed to agree with C and C. We manage this by caching the start times of any months we've seen before. If we know the start time of the month, we can always calculate any time within the month. The start times are calculated using a mathematical formula. Unlike other algorithms that do multiple calls to C. The C function is implemented using the same cache. We just assume that we're translating a GMT time, and then fudge it when we're done for the timezone and daylight savings arguments. Note that the timezone is evaluated for each date because countries occasionally change their official timezones. Assuming that C corrects for these changes, this routine will also be correct. =head1 AUTHORS EMERITUS This module is based on a Perl 4 library, timelocal.pl, that was included with Perl 4.036, and was most likely written by Tom Christiansen. The current version was written by Graham Barr. =head1 BUGS The whole scheme for interpreting two-digit years can be considered a bug. Bugs may be submitted at L. There is a mailing list available for users of this distribution, L. =head1 SOURCE The source code repository for Time-Local can be found at L. =head1 AUTHOR Dave Rolsky =head1 CONTRIBUTORS =for stopwords Florian Ragwitz Gregory Oschwald J. Nick Koston Tom Wyant Unknown =over 4 =item * Florian Ragwitz =item * Gregory Oschwald =item * J. Nick Koston =item * Tom Wyant =item * Unknown =back =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE This software is copyright (c) 1997 - 2023 by Graham Barr & Dave Rolsky. This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself. The full text of the license can be found in the F file included with this distribution. =cut