perltoc

(source, CPAN)

You are viewing the version of this documentation from Perl 5.39.6. This is a development version of Perl.

NAME
DESCRIPTION
BASIC DOCUMENTATION
PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
MODULE DOCUMENTATION
AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
AUTHOR

#NAME

perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

#DESCRIPTION

This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for.

#BASIC DOCUMENTATION

#perl - The Perl 5 language interpreter

#SYNOPSIS

#GETTING HELP

#Overview
#Tutorials
#Reference Manual
#Internals and C Language Interface
#History
#Miscellaneous
#Language-Specific
#Platform-Specific
#Stubs for Deleted Documents

#DESCRIPTION

#AVAILABILITY

#ENVIRONMENT

#AUTHOR

#FILES

#DIAGNOSTICS

#BUGS

#NOTES

#perlintro - a brief introduction and overview of Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#What is Perl?
#Running Perl programs
#Safety net
#Basic syntax overview
#Perl variable types: Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
#Variable scoping
#Conditional and looping constructs: if, while, for, foreach
#Builtin operators and functions: Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic, Miscellaneous
#Files and I/O
#Regular expressions: Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions, Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
#Writing subroutines
#OO Perl
#Using Perl modules

#AUTHOR

#perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

##! and quoting on non-Unix systems: OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, VMS
#Location of Perl
#Command Switches: -0[octal/hexadecimal] , -a , -C [number/list] , -c , -d , -dt, -d:MOD[=bar,baz] , -dt:MOD[=bar,baz], -Dletters , -Dnumber, -e commandline , -E commandline , -f , -Fpattern , -g , -h , -? , -i[extension] , -Idirectory , -l[octnum] , -m[-]module , -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n , -p , -s , -S , -t , -T , -u , -U , -v , -V , -V:configvar, -w , -W , -X , -x , -xdirectory

#ENVIRONMENT

HOME , LOGDIR , PATH , PERL5LIB , PERL5OPT , PERLIO , :crlf , :perlio , :stdio , :unix , PERLIO_DEBUG , PERLLIB , PERL5DB , PERL5DB_THREADED , PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port) , PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port) , PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS , PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL , PERL_DL_NONLAZY , PERL_ENCODING , PERL_HASH_SEED , PERL_PERTURB_KEYS , PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG , PERL_MEM_LOG , PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port) , PERL_SIGNALS , PERL_UNICODE , PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC , SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) , PERL_INTERNAL_RAND_SEED , PERL_RAND_SEED

#ORDER OF APPLICATION

-I, -M, the PERL5LIB environment variable, combinations of -I, -M and PERL5LIB, the PERL5OPT environment variable, Other complications, arch and version subdirs, sitecustomize.pl

#perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references

#DESCRIPTION

#Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?

#The Solution

#Syntax

#Making References
#Using References
#An Example
#Arrow Rule

#Solution

#The Rest

#Summary

#Credits

#Distribution Conditions

#perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook

#DESCRIPTION

arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs

#REFERENCES

#COMMON MISTAKES

#CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE

#WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS use VERSION

#DEBUGGING

#CODE EXAMPLES

#ARRAYS OF ARRAYS

#Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
#Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
#Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

#HASHES OF ARRAYS

#Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
#Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
#Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS

#ARRAYS OF HASHES

#Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
#Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
#Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES

#HASHES OF HASHES

#Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
#Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
#Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES

#MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

#Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
#Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
#Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

#Database Ties

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
#Growing Your Own
#Access and Printing
#Slices

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start

#DESCRIPTION

#The Guide

#Simple word matching
#Using character classes
#Matching this or that
#Grouping things and hierarchical matching
#Extracting matches
#Matching repetitions
#More matching
#Search and replace
#The split operator
#use re 'strict'

#BUGS

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#Acknowledgments

#perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial

#DESCRIPTION

#Part 1: The basics

#Simple word matching
#Using character classes
#Matching this or that
#Grouping things and hierarchical matching
#Extracting matches
#Backreferences
#Relative backreferences
#Named backreferences
#Alternative capture group numbering
#Position information
#Non-capturing groupings
#Matching repetitions
#Possessive quantifiers
#Building a regexp
#Using regular expressions in Perl

#Part 2: Power tools

#More on characters, strings, and character classes
#Compiling and saving regular expressions
#Composing regular expressions at runtime
#Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
#Looking ahead and looking behind
#Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
#Conditional expressions
#Defining named patterns
#Recursive patterns
#A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
#Backtracking control verbs
#Pragmas and debugging

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#Acknowledgments

#perlootut - Object-Oriented Programming in Perl Tutorial

#DATE

#DESCRIPTION

#OBJECT-ORIENTED FUNDAMENTALS

#Object
#Class
#Methods
#Attributes
#Polymorphism
#Inheritance
#Encapsulation
#Composition
#Roles
#When to Use OO

#PERL OO SYSTEMS

#Moose: Declarative sugar, Roles built-in, A miniature type system, Full introspection and manipulation, Self-hosted and extensible, Rich ecosystem, Many more features
#Class::Accessor
#Class::Tiny
#Role::Tiny
#OO System Summary: Moose, Class::Accessor, Class::Tiny, Role::Tiny
#Other OO Systems

#CONCLUSION

#perlperf - Perl Performance and Optimization Techniques

#DESCRIPTION

#OVERVIEW

#ONE STEP SIDEWAYS
#ONE STEP FORWARD
#ANOTHER STEP SIDEWAYS

#GENERAL GUIDELINES

#BENCHMARKS

#Assigning and Dereferencing Variables.
#Search and replace or tr

#PROFILING TOOLS

#Devel::DProf
#Devel::Profiler
#Devel::SmallProf
#Devel::FastProf
#Devel::NYTProf

#SORTING

Elapsed Real Time, User CPU Time, System CPU Time

#LOGGING

#Logging if DEBUG (constant)

#POSTSCRIPT

#SEE ALSO

#PERLDOCS
#MAN PAGES
#MODULES
#URLS

#AUTHOR

#perlstyle - Perl style guide

#DESCRIPTION

#perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet

#DESCRIPTION

#The sheet

#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary

#DESCRIPTION

#Awk Traps
#C/C++ Traps
#JavaScript Traps
#Sed Traps
#Shell Traps
#Perl Traps

#perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial

#DESCRIPTION
#use strict
#Looking at data and -w and v
#help
#Stepping through code
#Placeholder for a, w, t, T
#REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
#OUTPUT TIPS
#CGI
#GUIs
#SUMMARY
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#CONTRIBUTORS

#perlfaq - Frequently asked questions about Perl

#VERSION

#DESCRIPTION

#Where to find the perlfaq
#How to use the perlfaq
#How to contribute to the perlfaq
#What if my question isn't answered in the FAQ?

#TABLE OF CONTENTS

perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System Interaction, perlfaq9 - Web, Email and Networking

#THE QUESTIONS

#perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl
#perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
#perlfaq3: Programming Tools
#perlfaq4: Data Manipulation
#perlfaq5: Files and Formats
#perlfaq6: Regular Expressions
#perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues
#perlfaq8: System Interaction
#perlfaq9: Web, Email and Networking

#CREDITS

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl

#VERSION

#DESCRIPTION

#What is Perl?
#Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
#Which version of Perl should I use?
#What are Perl 4, Perl 5, or Raku (Perl 6)?
#What is Raku (Perl 6)?
#How stable is Perl?
#How often are new versions of Perl released?
#Is Perl difficult to learn?
#How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?
#Can I do [task] in Perl?
#When shouldn't I program in Perl?
#What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
#What is a JAPH?
#How can I convince others to use Perl?: http://www.perl.org/about.html, http://perltraining.com.au/whyperl.html

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl

#VERSION

#DESCRIPTION

#What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
#How can I get a binary version of Perl?
#I don't have a C compiler. How can I build my own Perl interpreter?
#I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work.
#I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
#What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
#Where can I get information on Perl?: http://www.perl.org/, http://perldoc.perl.org/, http://learn.perl.org/
#What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?: http://www.perl.org/, http://learn.perl.org/, http://jobs.perl.org/, http://lists.perl.org/
#Where can I post questions?
#Perl Books
#Which magazines have Perl content?
#Which Perl blogs should I read?
#What mailing lists are there for Perl?
#Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
#Where do I send bug reports?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq3 - Programming Tools

#VERSION

#DESCRIPTION

#How do I do (anything)?: Basics, perldata - Perl data types, perlvar - Perl pre-defined variables, perlsyn - Perl syntax, perlop - Perl operators and precedence, perlsub - Perl subroutines, Execution, perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter, perldebug - Perl debugging, Functions, perlfunc - Perl builtin functions, Objects, perlref - Perl references and nested data structures, perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables), perlobj - Perl objects, perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable, Data Structures, perlref - Perl references and nested data structures, perllol - Manipulating arrays of arrays in Perl, perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook, Modules, perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables), perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones, Regexes, perlre - Perl regular expressions, perlfunc - Perl builtin functions>, perlop - Perl operators and precedence, perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization), Moving to perl5, perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary, perl, Linking with C, perlxstut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs, perlxs - XS language reference manual, perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C, perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API, perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program, Various
#How can I use Perl interactively?
#How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
#How do I debug my Perl programs?
#How do I profile my Perl programs?
#How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
#Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
#Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?: Eclipse, Enginsite, IntelliJ IDEA, Kephra, Komodo, Notepad++, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, Padre, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, Visual Perl, Zeus, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Vim, Vile, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, ConTEXT, bash, zsh, BBEdit and TextWrangler
#Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
#Where can I get perl-mode or cperl-mode for emacs?
#How can I use curses with Perl?
#How can I write a GUI (X, Tk, Gtk, etc.) in Perl?: Tk, Wx, Gtk and Gtk2, Win32::GUI, CamelBones, Qt, Athena
#How can I make my Perl program run faster?
#How can I make my Perl program take less memory?: Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
#Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
#How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
#How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
#How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
#How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
#How can I get #!perl to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
#Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
#Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
#Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
#Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
#Where can I learn about linking C with Perl?
#I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong?
#When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
#What's MakeMaker?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation

#VERSION

#DESCRIPTION

#Data: Numbers

#Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
#Why is int() broken?
#Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
#Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?
#How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?: How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to binary
#Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
#How do I multiply matrices?
#How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
#How can I output Roman numerals?
#Why aren't my random numbers random?
#How do I get a random number between X and Y?

#Data: Dates

#How do I find the day or week of the year?
#How do I find the current century or millennium?
#How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
#How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
#How can I find the Julian Day?
#How do I find yesterday's date?
#Does Perl have a Year 2000 or 2038 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?

#Data: Strings

#How do I validate input?
#How do I unescape a string?
#How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
#How do I expand function calls in a string?
#How do I find matching/nesting anything?
#How do I reverse a string?
#How do I expand tabs in a string?
#How do I reformat a paragraph?
#How can I access or change N characters of a string?
#How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
#How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?
#How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
#How can I split a [character]-delimited string except when inside [character]?
#How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
#How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
#How do I extract selected columns from a string?
#How do I find the soundex value of a string?
#How can I expand variables in text strings?
#Does Perl have anything like Ruby's #{} or Python's f string?
#What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
#Why don't my <<HERE documents work?: There must be no space after the << part, There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end of the opening token, You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag, There needs to be at least a line separator after the end token

#Data: Arrays

#What is the difference between a list and an array?
#What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
#How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
#How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or array?
#How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?
#How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
#How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
#How do I handle linked lists?
#How do I handle circular lists?
#How do I shuffle an array randomly?
#How do I process/modify each element of an array?
#How do I select a random element from an array?
#How do I permute N elements of a list?
#How do I sort an array by (anything)?
#How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
#Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?

#Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)

#How do I process an entire hash?
#How do I merge two hashes?
#What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?
#How do I look up a hash element by value?
#How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
#How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
#How can I always keep my hash sorted?
#What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
#Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
#How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
#How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
#How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
#How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
#Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?
#How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?
#How can I use a reference as a hash key?
#How can I check if a key exists in a multilevel hash?
#How can I prevent addition of unwanted keys into a hash?

#Data: Misc

#How do I handle binary data correctly?
#How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
#How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
#How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
#How do I define methods for every class/object?
#How do I verify a credit card checksum?
#How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq5 - Files and Formats

#VERSION

#DESCRIPTION

#How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
#How do I change, delete, or insert a line in a file, or append to the beginning of a file?
#How do I count the number of lines in a file?
#How do I delete the last N lines from a file?
#How can I use Perl's -i option from within a program?
#How can I copy a file?
#How do I make a temporary file name?
#How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
#How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
#How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
#How can I open a filehandle to a string?
#How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
#How can I write() into a string?
#How can I output my numbers with commas added?
#How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
#How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
#Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
#How can I open a file named with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
#How can I reliably rename a file?
#How can I lock a file?
#Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
#I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?
#All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a file. Do I still have to use locking?
#How do I randomly update a binary file?
#How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
#How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
#How do I print to more than one file at once?
#How can I read in an entire file all at once?
#How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
#How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
#How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
#How do I do a tail -f in perl?
#How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
#How do I close a file descriptor by number?
#Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
#Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
#Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does -i clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
#How do I select a random line from a file?
#Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
#How do I traverse a directory tree?
#How do I delete a directory tree?
#How do I copy an entire directory?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions

#VERSION

#DESCRIPTION

#How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code?: Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
#I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
#How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines?
#How do I match XML, HTML, or other nasty, ugly things with a regex?
#I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
#How do I substitute case-insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS?
#How can I make \w match national character sets?
#How can I match a locale-smart version of /[a-zA-Z]/?
#How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
#What is /o really for?
#How do I use a regular expression to strip C-style comments from a file?
#Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
#What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
#How do I process each word on each line?
#How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
#How can I do approximate matching?
#How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
#Why don't word-boundary searches with \b work for me?
#Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
#What good is \G in a regular expression?
#Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
#What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
#How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
#How do I match a regular expression that's in a variable?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues

#VERSION

#DESCRIPTION

#Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
#What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them?
#Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas?
#How do I skip some return values?
#How do I temporarily block warnings?
#What's an extension?
#Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
#How do I declare/create a structure?
#How do I create a module?
#How do I adopt or take over a module already on CPAN?
#How do I create a class?
#How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
#What's a closure?
#What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
#How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?: Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods
#How do I create a static variable?
#What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()?
#How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope?
#What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
#Why doesn't "my($foo) = <$fh>;" work right?
#How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
#What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
#How do I create a switch or case statement?
#How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or methods?
#Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
#How can I find out my current or calling package?
#How can I comment out a large block of Perl code?
#How do I clear a package?
#How can I use a variable as a variable name?
#What does "bad interpreter" mean?
#Do I need to recompile XS modules when there is a change in the C library?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq8 - System Interaction

#VERSION

#DESCRIPTION

#How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
#How come exec() doesn't return?
#How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?: Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
#How do I print something out in color?
#How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
#How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
#How do I clear the screen?
#How do I get the screen size?
#How do I ask the user for a password?
#How do I read and write the serial port?: lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
#How do I decode encrypted password files?
#How do I start a process in the background?: STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
#How do I trap control characters/signals?
#How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
#How do I set the time and date?
#How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
#How can I measure time under a second?
#How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
#Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
#How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
#Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
#Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
#How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
#Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
#How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
#Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
#What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
#How can I call backticks without shell processing?
#Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
#How can I convert my shell script to perl?
#Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
#How can I write expect in Perl?
#Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"?
#I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?: Unix
#How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?
#How do I fork a daemon process?
#How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
#How do I timeout a slow event?
#How do I set CPU limits?
#How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
#How do I use an SQL database?
#How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
#How do I open a file without blocking?
#How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl?
#How do I install a module from CPAN?
#What's the difference between require and use?
#How do I keep my own module/library directory?
#How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?
#How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?: the PERLLIB environment variable, the PERL5LIB environment variable, the perl -Idir command line flag, the lib pragma:, the local::lib module:
#Where are modules installed?
#What is socket.ph and where do I get it?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq9 - Web, Email and Networking

#VERSION

#DESCRIPTION

#Should I use a web framework?
#Which web framework should I use?: Catalyst, Dancer2, Mojolicious, Web::Simple
#What is Plack and PSGI?
#How do I remove HTML from a string?
#How do I extract URLs?
#How do I fetch an HTML file?
#How do I automate an HTML form submission?
#How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
#How do I redirect to another page?
#How do I put a password on my web pages?
#How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that causes my CGI script to do bad things?
#How do I parse a mail header?
#How do I check a valid mail address?
#How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
#How do I find the user's mail address?
#How do I send email?: Email::Sender::Transport::Sendmail, Email::Sender::Transport::SMTP
#How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
#How do I read email?
#How do I find out my hostname, domainname, or IP address?
#How do I fetch/put an (S)FTP file?
#How can I do RPC in Perl?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlsyn - Perl syntax: declarations, statements, comments

#DESCRIPTION

#Declarations
#Comments
#Simple Statements
#Statement Modifiers
#Compound Statements
#Loop Control
#For Loops
#Foreach Loops
#Try Catch Exception Handling
#Basic BLOCKs
#defer blocks
#Switch Statements
#Goto
#The Ellipsis Statement
#PODs: Embedded Documentation
#Plain Old Comments (Not!)
#Experimental Details on given and when: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

#perldata - Perl data types

#DESCRIPTION

#Variable names
#Identifier parsing
#Context
#Scalar values
#Scalar value constructors
#List value constructors
#Subscripts
#Multi-dimensional array emulation
#Slices
#Typeglobs and Filehandles

#SEE ALSO

#perlop - Perl expressions: operators, precedence, string literals

#DESCRIPTION

#Operator Precedence and Associativity
#Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
#The Arrow Operator
#Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
#Exponentiation
#Symbolic Unary Operators
#Binding Operators
#Multiplicative Operators
#Additive Operators
#Shift Operators
#Named Unary Operators
#Relational Operators
#Equality Operators
#Class Instance Operator
#Smartmatch Operator: 1. Empty hashes or arrays match, 2. That is, each element smartmatches the element of the same index in the other array.[3], 3. If a circular reference is found, fall back to referential equality, 4. Either an actual number, or a string that looks like one
#Bitwise And
#Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
#C-style Logical And
#C-style Logical Or
#Logical Defined-Or
#Range Operators
#Conditional Operator
#Assignment Operators
#Comma Operator
#List Operators (Rightward)
#Logical Not
#Logical And
#Logical or and Exclusive Or
#C Operators Missing From Perl: unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
#Quote and Quote-like Operators: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]
#Regexp Quote-Like Operators: qr/STRING/msixpodualn , m/PATTERN/msixpodualngc , /PATTERN/msixpodualngc, The empty pattern //, Matching in list context, \G assertion, m?PATTERN?msixpodualngc , s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/msixpodualngcer
#Quote-Like Operators: q/STRING/ , 'STRING', qq/STRING/ , "STRING", qx/STRING/ , `STRING`, qw/STRING/ , tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsr , y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsr, <<EOF , Double Quotes, Single Quotes, Backticks, Indented Here-docs
#Gory details of parsing quoted constructs: Finding the end, Interpolation , <<'EOF', m'', the pattern of s''', '', q//, tr''', y''', the replacement of s''', tr///, y///, "", ``, qq//, qx//, <file*glob>, <<"EOF", The replacement of s///, RE in m?RE?, /RE/, m/RE/, s/RE/foo/,, Parsing regular expressions , Optimization of regular expressions
#I/O Operators
#Constant Folding
#No-ops
#Bitwise String Operators
#Integer Arithmetic
#Floating-point Arithmetic
#Bigger Numbers

#perlsub - Perl subroutines

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

documented later in this document, documented in perlmod, documented in perlobj, documented in perltie, documented in PerlIO::via, documented in perlfunc, documented in UNIVERSAL, documented in perldebguts, undocumented, used internally by the overload feature

#Signatures
#Private Variables via my()
#Persistent Private Variables
#Temporary Values via local()
#Lvalue subroutines
#Lexical Subroutines
#Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
#When to Still Use local()
#Pass by Reference
#Prototypes
#Constant Functions
#Overriding Built-in Functions
#Autoloading
#Subroutine Attributes

#SEE ALSO

#perlfunc - Perl builtin functions

#DESCRIPTION

#Perl Functions by Category: Functions for SCALARs or strings , Regular expressions and pattern matching , Numeric functions , Functions for real @ARRAYs , Functions for list data , Functions for real %HASHes , Input and output functions , Functions for fixed-length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories , Keywords related to the control flow of your Perl program , Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups , Keywords related to Perl modules , Keywords related to classes and object-orientation , Low-level socket functions , System V interprocess communication functions , Fetching user and group info , Fetching network info , Time-related functions , Non-function keywords
#Portability
#Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions: -X FILEHANDLE , -X EXPR, -X DIRHANDLE, -X, abs VALUE , abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET , alarm SECONDS , alarm, atan2 Y,X , bind SOCKET,NAME , binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER , binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME , bless REF, Bless the referred-to item into a specific package (recommended form):, Bless the referred-to item into package main:, Bless the referred-to item into the current package (not inheritable):, break, caller EXPR , caller, chdir EXPR , chdir FILEHANDLE, chdir DIRHANDLE, chdir, chmod LIST , chomp VARIABLE , chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE , chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST , chr NUMBER , chr, chroot FILENAME , chroot, class NAMESPACE, class NAMESPACE VERSION, class NAMESPACE BLOCK, class NAMESPACE VERSION BLOCK, close FILEHANDLE , close, closedir DIRHANDLE , connect SOCKET,NAME , continue BLOCK , continue, cos EXPR , cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT , dbmclose HASH , dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK , defined EXPR , defined, delete EXPR , die LIST , do BLOCK , do EXPR , dump LABEL , dump EXPR, dump, each HASH , each ARRAY , eof FILEHANDLE , eof (), eof, eval EXPR , eval BLOCK, eval, String eval, Under the "unicode_eval" feature, Outside the "unicode_eval" feature, If upgraded, $v will be "\xc4\x80" (i.e., the use utf8 has no effect.), If non-upgraded, $v will be "\x{100}", Block eval, evalbytes EXPR , evalbytes, exec LIST , exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR , exit EXPR , exit, exp EXPR , exp, fc EXPR , fc, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR , __FILE__ , field VARNAME , fileno FILEHANDLE , fileno DIRHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION , fork , format , formline PICTURE,LIST , getc FILEHANDLE , getc, getlogin , getpeername SOCKET , getpgrp PID , getppid , getpriority WHICH,WHO , getpwnam NAME , getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET , getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME , glob EXPR , glob, gmtime EXPR , gmtime, goto LABEL , goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST , grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR , hex, import LIST , index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION , index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR , int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR , join EXPR,LIST , keys HASH , keys ARRAY, kill SIGNAL, LIST, kill SIGNAL , last LABEL , last EXPR, last, lc EXPR , lc, If use bytes is in effect:, Otherwise, if use locale for LC_CTYPE is in effect:, Otherwise, If EXPR has the UTF8 flag set:, Otherwise, if use feature 'unicode_strings' or use locale ':not_characters' is in effect:, Otherwise:, lcfirst EXPR , lcfirst, length EXPR , length, __LINE__ , link OLDFILE,NEWFILE , listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE , local EXPR , localtime EXPR , localtime, lock THING , log EXPR , log, lstat FILEHANDLE , lstat EXPR, lstat DIRHANDLE, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST , map EXPR,LIST, method NAME BLOCK , method NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, mkdir FILENAME,MODE , mkdir FILENAME, mkdir, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG , msgget KEY,FLAGS , msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS , msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS , my VARLIST , my TYPE VARLIST, my VARLIST : ATTRS, my TYPE VARLIST : ATTRS, next LABEL , next EXPR, next, no MODULE VERSION LIST , no MODULE VERSION, no MODULE LIST, no MODULE, no VERSION, oct EXPR , oct, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR , open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, Working with files, Simple examples, About filehandles, About modes, Checking the return value, Specifying I/O layers in MODE, Using undef for temporary files, Opening a filehandle into an in-memory scalar, Opening a filehandle into a command, Duping filehandles, Legacy usage, Specifying mode and filename as a single argument, Assigning a filehandle to a bareword, Calling open with one argument via global variables, Other considerations, Automatic filehandle closure, Automatic pipe flushing, Direct versus by-reference assignment of filehandles, Whitespace and special characters in the filename argument, Invoking C-style open, Portability issues, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR , ord EXPR , ord, our VARLIST , our TYPE VARLIST, our VARLIST : ATTRS, our TYPE VARLIST : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST , package NAMESPACE, package NAMESPACE VERSION , package NAMESPACE BLOCK, package NAMESPACE VERSION BLOCK , __PACKAGE__ , __CLASS__ , pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE , pop ARRAY , pop, pos SCALAR , pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST , print FILEHANDLE, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST , printf FILEHANDLE, printf FORMAT, LIST, printf, prototype FUNCTION , prototype, push ARRAY,LIST , q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qw/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qr/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR , quotemeta, rand EXPR , rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET , read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE , readline EXPR, readline , readlink EXPR , readlink, readpipe EXPR, readpipe , recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS , redo LABEL , redo EXPR, redo, ref EXPR , ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME , require VERSION , require EXPR, require, reset EXPR , reset, return EXPR , return, reverse LIST , rewinddir DIRHANDLE , rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION , rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME , rmdir, s///, say FILEHANDLE LIST , say FILEHANDLE, say LIST, say, scalar EXPR , seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE , seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS , select FILEHANDLE , select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT , semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG , semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS , semop KEY,OPSTRING , send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO , send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP , setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY , setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL , shift ARRAY , shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG , shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS , shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE , shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW , sin EXPR , sin, sleep EXPR , sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL , socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL , sort SUBNAME LIST , sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST , splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT , split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST , format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum width , size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR , sqrt, srand EXPR , srand, stat FILEHANDLE , stat EXPR, stat DIRHANDLE, stat, state VARLIST , state TYPE VARLIST, state VARLIST : ATTRS, state TYPE VARLIST : ATTRS, study SCALAR , study, sub NAME BLOCK , sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, __SUB__ , substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT , substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE , syscall NUMBER, LIST , sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE , sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET , sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE , system LIST , system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET , syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE , tell, telldir DIRHANDLE , tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST , tied VARIABLE , time , times , tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH , truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR , uc, ucfirst EXPR , ucfirst, umask EXPR , umask, undef EXPR , undef, unlink LIST , unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR , unpack TEMPLATE, unshift ARRAY,LIST , untie VARIABLE , use Module VERSION LIST , use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST , values HASH , values ARRAY, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS , wait , waitpid PID,FLAGS , wantarray , warn LIST , write FILEHANDLE , write EXPR, write, y///
#Non-function Keywords by Cross-reference: __DATA__, __END__, BEGIN, CHECK, END, INIT, UNITCHECK, DESTROY, and, cmp, eq, ge, gt, isa, le, lt, ne, not, or, x, xor, AUTOLOAD, else, elsif, for, foreach, if, unless, until, while, elseif, default, given, when, try, catch, finally, defer, ADJUST

#perlopentut - simple recipes for opening files and pipes in Perl

#DESCRIPTION

OK, HANDLE, MODE, PATHNAME

#Opening Text Files

#Opening Text Files for Reading
#Opening Text Files for Writing

#Opening Binary Files

#Opening Pipes

#Opening a pipe for reading
#Opening a pipe for writing
#Expressing the command as a list

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT

#perlpacktut - tutorial on `pack` and `unpack`

#DESCRIPTION

#The Basic Principle

#Packing Text

#Packing Numbers

#Integers
#Unpacking a Stack Frame
#How to Eat an Egg on a Net
#Byte-order modifiers
#Floating point Numbers

#Exotic Templates

#Bit Strings
#Uuencoding
#Doing Sums
#Unicode
#Another Portable Binary Encoding

#Template Grouping

#Lengths and Widths

#String Lengths
#Dynamic Templates
#Counting Repetitions
#Intel HEX

#Packing and Unpacking C Structures

#The Alignment Pit
#Dealing with Endian-ness
#Alignment, Take 2
#Alignment, Take 3
#Pointers for How to Use Them

#Pack Recipes

#Funnies Section

#Authors

#perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format

#DESCRIPTION

#Ordinary Paragraph
#Verbatim Paragraph
#Command Paragraph: =head1 Heading Text , =head2 Heading Text, =head3 Heading Text, =head4 Heading Text, =head5 Heading Text, =head6 Heading Text, =over indentlevel , =item stuff..., =back, =cut , =pod , =begin formatname , =end formatname, =for formatname text..., =encoding encodingname
#Formatting Codes: I<text> -- italic text , B<text> -- bold text , C<code> -- code text , L<name> -- a hyperlink , E<escape> -- a character escape , F<filename> -- used for filenames , S<text> -- text contains non-breaking spaces , X<topic name> -- an index entry , Z<> -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code
#The Intent
#Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
#Hints for Writing Pod

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes

#DESCRIPTION
#Pod Definitions
#Pod Commands: "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=head5", "=head6", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", "=back", "=begin formatname", "=begin formatname parameter", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...", "=encoding encodingname"
#Pod Formatting Codes: I<text> -- italic text, B<text> -- bold text, C<code> -- code text, F<filename> -- style for filenames, X<topic name> -- an index entry, Z<> -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code, L<name> -- a hyperlink, E<escape> -- a character escape, S<text> -- text contains non-breaking spaces
#Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
#About L<...> Codes: First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
#About =over...=back Regions
#About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR

#perldocstyle - A style guide for writing Perl's documentation

#DESCRIPTION

#Purpose of this guide
#Intended audience
#Status of this document

#FUNDAMENTALS

#Choice of markup: Pod
#Choice of language: American English
#Choice of encoding: UTF-8
#Choice of underlying style guide: CMOS
#Contributing to Perl's documentation

#FORMATTING AND STRUCTURE

#Document structure
#Formatting rules
#Adding comments
#Perlfunc has special rules

#TONE AND STYLE

#Apply one of the four documentation modes
#Assume readers' intelligence, but not their knowledge
#Use meaningful variable and symbol names in examples
#Write in English, but not just for English-speakers
#Omit placeholder text or commentary
#Apply section-breaks and examples generously
#Lead with common cases and best practices
#Document Perl's present
#The documentation speaks with one voice

#INDEX OF PREFERRED TERMS

built-in function, Darwin, macOS, man page, Perl; perl, Perl 5, Perl 6, Perl 5 Porters, the; porters, the; p5p, program, Raku, script, semicolon, Unix

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#perlpodstyle - Perl POD style guide

#DESCRIPTION: NAME, SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, OPTIONS, RETURN VALUE, ERRORS, DIAGNOSTICS, EXAMPLES, ENVIRONMENT, FILES, CAVEATS, BUGS, RESTRICTIONS, NOTES, AUTHOR, HISTORY, COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE, SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
#SEE ALSO

#perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO

#perldeprecation - list Perl deprecations

#DESCRIPTION

#Unscheduled Deprecations
#Perl 5.44
#Perl 5.42
#Perl 5.40
#Perl 5.38
#Perl 5.34
#Perl 5.32
#Perl 5.30
#Perl 5.28
#Perl 5.26
#Perl 5.24
#Perl 5.16

#SEE ALSO

#perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings

#DESCRIPTION

#perldebug - Perl debugging

#DESCRIPTION

#The Perl Debugger

#Calling the Debugger: perl -d program_name, perl -d -e 0, perl -d:ptkdb program_name, perl -dt threaded_program_name
#Debugger Commands: h , h [command], h h, p expr , x [maxdepth] expr , V [pkg [vars]] , X [vars] , y [level [vars]] , T , s [expr] , n [expr] , r , <CR>, c [line|sub] , l , l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, - , v [line] , . , f filename , /pattern/, ?pattern?, L [abw] , S [[!]regex] , t [n] , t [n] expr , b , b [line] [condition] , b [file]:[line] [condition] , b subname [condition] , b postpone subname [condition] , b load filename , b compile subname , B line , B * , disable [file]:[line] , disable [line] , enable [file]:[line] , enable [line] , a [line] command , A line , A * , w expr , W expr , W * , o , o booloption ... , o anyoption? ... , o option=value ... , < ? , < [ command ] , < * , << command , > ? , > command , > * , >> command , { ? , { [ command ], { * , {{ command , ! number , ! -number , ! pattern , !! cmd , source file , H -number , q or ^D , R , |dbcmd , ||dbcmd , command, m expr , M , man [manpage]
#Configurable Options: recallCommand, ShellBang , pager , tkRunning , signalLevel, warnLevel, dieLevel , AutoTrace , LineInfo , inhibit_exit , PrintRet , ornaments , frame , maxTraceLen , windowSize , arrayDepth, hashDepth , dumpDepth , compactDump, veryCompact , globPrint , DumpDBFiles , DumpPackages , DumpReused , quote, HighBit, undefPrint , UsageOnly , HistFile , HistSize , TTY , noTTY , ReadLine , NonStop
#Debugger Input/Output: Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace , Line Listing Format, Frame listing
#Debugging Compile-Time Statements
#Debugger Customization
#Readline Support / History in the Debugger
#Editor Support for Debugging
#The Perl Profiler

#Debugging Regular Expressions

#Debugging Memory Usage

#SEE ALSO

#BUGS

#perlvar - Perl predefined variables

#DESCRIPTION

#The Syntax of Variable Names

#SPECIAL VARIABLES

#General Variables: $ARG, $_ , @ARG, @_ , $LIST_SEPARATOR, $" , $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$ , $PROGRAM_NAME, $0 , $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $( , $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $) , $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $< , $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $> , $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $; , $a, $b , %ENV , $OLD_PERL_VERSION, $] , $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F , @F , @INC , %INC , $INC , $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I , @ISA , $^M , ${^MAX_NESTED_EVAL_BEGIN_BLOCKS}, $OSNAME, $^O , %SIG , %{^HOOK} , require__before, require__after, $BASETIME, $^T , $PERL_VERSION, $^V , $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X
#Variables related to regular expressions: $<digits> ($1, $2, ...) , @{^CAPTURE} , $MATCH, $& , ${^MATCH} , $PREMATCH, $` , ${^PREMATCH} , $POSTMATCH, $' , ${^POSTMATCH} , $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+ , $LAST_SUBMATCH_RESULT, $^N , @LAST_MATCH_END, @+ , %{^CAPTURE}, %LAST_PAREN_MATCH, %+ , @LAST_MATCH_START, @- , $` is the same as substr($var, 0, $-[0]), $& is the same as substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]), $' is the same as substr($var, $+[0]), $1 is the same as substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]), $2 is the same as substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2]), $3 is the same as substr($var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3]), %{^CAPTURE_ALL} , %- , ${^LAST_SUCCESSFUL_PATTERN}, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R , ${^RE_COMPILE_RECURSION_LIMIT} , ${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS} , ${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}
#Variables related to filehandles: $ARGV , @ARGV , ARGV , ARGVOUT , IO::Handle->output_field_separator( EXPR ), $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $, , HANDLE->input_line_number( EXPR ), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $. , IO::Handle->input_record_separator( EXPR ), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/ , IO::Handle->output_record_separator( EXPR ), $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\ , HANDLE->autoflush( EXPR ), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $| , ${^LAST_FH} , $ACCUMULATOR, $^A , IO::Handle->format_formfeed(EXPR), $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L , HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $% , HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $- , IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $: , HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $= , HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^ , HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_NAME, $~
#Error Variables: ${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE} , $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E , $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S , $WARNING, $^W , ${^WARNING_BITS} , $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $! , %OS_ERROR, %ERRNO, %! , $CHILD_ERROR, $? , $EVAL_ERROR, $@
#Variables related to the interpreter state: $COMPILING, $^C , $DEBUGGING, $^D , ${^GLOBAL_PHASE} , CONSTRUCT, START, CHECK, INIT, RUN, END, DESTRUCT, $^H , %^H , ${^OPEN} , $PERLDB, $^P , 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, 0x800, 0x1000, ${^TAINT} , ${^SAFE_LOCALES} , ${^UNICODE} , ${^UTF8CACHE} , ${^UTF8LOCALE}
#Deprecated and removed variables: $# , $* , $[ , ${^ENCODING} , ${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT}

#perlre - Perl regular expressions

#DESCRIPTION

#The Basics
#Modifiers: m , s , i , x and xx , p , a, d, l, and u , n , Other Modifiers
#Regular Expressions: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]
#Quoting metacharacters
#Extended Patterns: (?#text) , (?adlupimnsx-imnsx), (?^alupimnsx) , (?:pattern) , (?adluimnsx-imnsx:pattern), (?^aluimnsx:pattern) , (?|pattern) , Lookaround Assertions , (?=pattern), (*pla:pattern), (*positive_lookahead:pattern) , (?!pattern), (*nla:pattern), (*negative_lookahead:pattern) , (?<=pattern), \K, (*plb:pattern), (*positive_lookbehind:pattern) , (?<!pattern), (*nlb:pattern), (*negative_lookbehind:pattern) , (?<NAME>pattern), (?'NAME'pattern) , \k<NAME>, \k'NAME', \k{NAME}, (?{ code }) , (*{ code }) , (??{ code }) , (?PARNO) (?-PARNO) (?+PARNO) (?R) (?0) , (?&NAME) , (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern) , (?(condition)yes-pattern), an integer in parentheses, a lookahead/lookbehind/evaluate zero-width assertion;, a name in angle brackets or single quotes, the special symbol (R), (1) (2) .., (<NAME>) ('NAME'), (?=...) (?!...) (?<=...) (?<!...), (?{ CODE }), (*{ CODE }), (R), (R1) (R2) .., (R&NAME), (DEFINE), (?>pattern), (*atomic:pattern) , (?[ ])
#Backtracking
#Script Runs
#Special Backtracking Control Verbs: Verbs, (*PRUNE) (*PRUNE:NAME) , (*SKIP) (*SKIP:NAME) , (*MARK:NAME) (*:NAME) , (*THEN) (*THEN:NAME), (*COMMIT) (*COMMIT:arg) , (*FAIL) (*F) (*FAIL:arg) , (*ACCEPT) (*ACCEPT:arg)
#Warning on \1 Instead of $1
#Repeated Patterns Matching a Zero-length Substring
#Combining RE Pieces: ST, S|T, S{REPEAT_COUNT}, S{min,max}, S{min,max}?, S?, S*, S+, S??, S*?, S+?, (?>S), (?=S), (?<=S), (?!S), (?<!S), (??{ EXPR }), (?PARNO), (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)
#Creating Custom RE Engines
#Embedded Code Execution Frequency
#PCRE/Python Support: (?P<NAME>pattern), (?P=NAME), (?P>NAME)

#BUGS

#SEE ALSO

#perlrebackslash - Perl Regular Expression Backslash Sequences and Escapes

#DESCRIPTION

#The backslash: [1]
#All the sequences and escapes
#Character Escapes: [1], [2]
#Modifiers
#Character classes
#Referencing
#Assertions: \A, \z, \Z, \G, \b{}, \b, \B{}, \B, \b{gcb} or \b{g}, \b{lb}, \b{sb}, \b{wb}
#Misc: \K, \N, \R , \X

#perlrecharclass - Perl Regular Expression Character Classes

#DESCRIPTION

#The dot
#Backslash sequences: If the /a modifier is in effect .., otherwise .., For code points above 255 .., For code points below 256 .., if locale rules are in effect .., if, instead, Unicode rules are in effect .., otherwise .., If the /a modifier is in effect .., otherwise .., For code points above 255 .., For code points below 256 .., if locale rules are in effect .., if, instead, Unicode rules are in effect .., otherwise .., [1], [2]
#Bracketed Character Classes: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], If the /a modifier, is in effect .., otherwise .., For code points above 255 .., For code points below 256 .., if locale rules are in effect .., word, ascii, blank, if, instead, Unicode rules are in effect .., otherwise ..

#perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference

#DESCRIPTION

#OPERATORS
#SYNTAX
#ESCAPE SEQUENCES
#CHARACTER CLASSES
#ANCHORS
#QUANTIFIERS
#EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
#VARIABLES
#FUNCTIONS
#TERMINOLOGY

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#THANKS

#perlref - Perl references and nested data structures

#NOTE

#DESCRIPTION

#Making References
#Using References
#Circular References
#Symbolic references
#Not-so-symbolic references
#Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
#Function Templates
#Postfix Dereference Syntax
#Postfix Reference Slicing
#Assigning to References
#Declaring a Reference to a Variable

#WARNING: Don't use references as hash keys

#SEE ALSO

#perlform - Perl formats

#DESCRIPTION

#Text Fields
#Numeric Fields
#The Field @* for Variable-Width Multi-Line Text
#The Field ^* for Variable-Width One-line-at-a-time Text
#Specifying Values
#Using Fill Mode
#Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
#Repeating Format Lines
#Top of Form Processing
#Format Variables

#NOTES

#Footers
#Accessing Formatting Internals

#WARNINGS

#perlobj - Perl object reference

#DESCRIPTION

#An Object is Simply a Data Structure
#A Class is Simply a Package
#A Method is Simply a Subroutine
#Method Invocation
#Inheritance
#Writing Constructors
#Attributes
#An Aside About Smarter and Safer Code
#Method Call Variations
#Invoking Class Methods
#bless, blessed, and ref
#The UNIVERSAL Class: isa($class) , DOES($role) , can($method) , VERSION($need)
#AUTOLOAD
#Destructors
#Non-Hash Objects
#Inside-Out objects
#Pseudo-hashes

#SEE ALSO

#perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Tying Scalars: TIESCALAR classname, LIST , FETCH this , STORE this, value , UNTIE this , DESTROY this
#Tying Arrays: TIEARRAY classname, LIST , FETCH this, index , STORE this, index, value , FETCHSIZE this , STORESIZE this, count , EXTEND this, count , EXISTS this, key , DELETE this, key , CLEAR this , PUSH this, LIST , POP this , SHIFT this , UNSHIFT this, LIST , SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST , UNTIE this , DESTROY this
#Tying Hashes: USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST , FETCH this, key , STORE this, key, value , DELETE this, key , CLEAR this , EXISTS this, key , FIRSTKEY this , NEXTKEY this, lastkey , SCALAR this , UNTIE this , DESTROY this
#Tying FileHandles: TIEHANDLE classname, LIST , WRITE this, LIST , PRINT this, LIST , PRINTF this, LIST , READ this, LIST , READLINE this , GETC this , EOF this , CLOSE this , UNTIE this , DESTROY this
#UNTIE this
#The untie Gotcha

#SEE ALSO

#BUGS

#AUTHOR

#perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value

#The Filter
#An Example: the NULL termination problem.
#Another Example: Key is a C int.

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#perlclass - Perl class syntax reference

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#History

#KEYWORDS

#class
#field
#method

#ATTRIBUTES

#Class attributes
#Field attributes
#Method attributes

#OBJECT LIFECYCLE

#Construction
#Adjustment
#Lifetime
#Destruction

#TODO

Roles, Parameters to ADJUST blocks, ADJUST blocks as true blocks, Accessor generator attributes, Metaprogramming, Extension Customisation

#AUTHORS

#perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)

#DESCRIPTION

#Signals

#Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
#Deferred Signals (Safe Signals): Long-running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state

#Named Pipes

#Using open() for IPC

#Filehandles
#Background Processes
#Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
#Safe Pipe Opens
#Avoiding Pipe Deadlocks
#Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
#Bidirectional Communication with Yourself

#Sockets: Client/Server Communication

#Internet Line Terminators
#Internet TCP Clients and Servers
#Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers

#TCP Clients with IO::Socket

#A Simple Client: Proto, PeerAddr, PeerPort
#A Webget Client
#Interactive Client with IO::Socket

#TCP Servers with IO::Socket

Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse

#UDP: Message Passing

#SysV IPC

#NOTES

#BUGS

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes: $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to files, directories and network sockets
#Resource limits
#Killing the parent process
#Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes

#CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS

BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Open directory handles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions

#PORTABILITY CAVEATS

#BUGS

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#Storing numbers
#Numeric operators and numeric conversions
#Flavors of Perl numeric operations: Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during use integer, Other mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during use integer, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string
#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#perlthrtut - Tutorial on threads in Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#What Is A Thread Anyway?

#Threaded Program Models

#Boss/Worker
#Work Crew
#Pipeline

#What kind of threads are Perl threads?

#Thread-Safe Modules

#Thread Basics

#Basic Thread Support
#A Note about the Examples
#Creating Threads
#Waiting For A Thread To Exit
#Ignoring A Thread
#Process and Thread Termination

#Threads And Data

#Shared And Unshared Data
#Thread Pitfalls: Races

#Synchronization and control

#Controlling access: lock()
#A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
#Queues: Passing Data Around
#Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
#Basic semaphores
#Advanced Semaphores
#Waiting for a Condition
#Giving up control

#General Thread Utility Routines

#What Thread Am I In?
#Thread IDs
#Are These Threads The Same?
#What Threads Are Running?

#A Complete Example

#Different implementations of threads

#Performance considerations

#Process-scope Changes

#Thread-Safety of System Libraries

#Conclusion

#SEE ALSO

#Bibliography

#Introductory Texts
#OS-Related References
#Other References

#Acknowledgements

#AUTHOR

#Copyrights

#perlport - Writing portable Perl

#DESCRIPTION

Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already is portable

#ISSUES

#Newlines
#Numbers endianness and Width
#Files and Filesystems
#System Interaction
#Command names versus file pathnames
#Networking
#Interprocess Communication (IPC)
#External Subroutines (XS)
#Standard Modules
#Time and Date
#Character sets and character encoding
#Internationalisation
#System Resources
#Security
#Style

#CPAN Testers

#PLATFORMS

#Unix
#DOS and Derivatives
#VMS
#VOS
#EBCDIC Platforms
#Acorn RISC OS
#Other perls

#FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS

#Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions: -X, alarm, atan2, binmode, chdir, chmod, chown, chroot, crypt, dbmclose, dbmopen, dump, exec, exit, fcntl, flock, fork, getlogin, getpgrp, getppid, getpriority, getpwnam, getgrnam, getnetbyname, getpwuid, getgrgid, getnetbyaddr, getprotobynumber, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, seekdir, sethostent, setnetent, setprotoent, setservent, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt, glob, gmtime, ioctl, kill, link, localtime, lstat, msgctl, msgget, msgsnd, msgrcv, open, readlink, rename, rewinddir, select, semctl, semget, semop, setgrent, setpgrp, setpriority, setpwent, setsockopt, shmctl, shmget, shmread, shmwrite, sleep, socketpair, stat, symlink, syscall, sysopen, system, telldir, times, truncate, umask, utime, wait, waitpid

#Supported Platforms

Linux (x86, ARM, IA64), HP-UX, AIX, Win32, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Cygwin, Solaris (x86, SPARC), OpenVMS, Alpha (7.2 and later), I64 (8.2 and later), NetBSD, FreeBSD, Debian GNU/kFreeBSD, Haiku, Irix (6.5. What else?), OpenBSD, Dragonfly BSD, Midnight BSD, QNX Neutrino RTOS (6.5.0), MirOS BSD, Stratus OpenVOS (17.0 or later), time_t issues that may or may not be fixed, Stratus VOS / OpenVOS, AIX, Android, FreeMINT

#EOL Platforms

#(Perl 5.37.1): Ultrix
#(Perl 5.36): NetWare, DOS/DJGPP, AT&T UWIN
#(Perl 5.20): AT&T 3b1
#(Perl 5.14): Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT4
#(Perl 5.12): Atari MiNT, Apollo Domain/OS, Apple Mac OS 8/9, Tenon Machten

#Supported Platforms (Perl 5.8)

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS

#perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)

#DESCRIPTION

#WHAT IS A LOCALE

Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric formatting, Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts, Category LC_TIME: Date/Time formatting, Category LC_MESSAGES: Error and other messages, Category LC_COLLATE: Collation, Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types, Other categories

#PREPARING TO USE LOCALES

#USING LOCALES

#The "use locale" pragma: Not within the scope of "use locale", Lingering effects of use locale, Under "use locale";
#The setlocale function
#Multi-threaded operation
#Finding locales
#LOCALE PROBLEMS
#Testing for broken locales
#Temporarily fixing locale problems
#Permanently fixing locale problems
#Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
#Fixing system locale configuration
#The localeconv function
#I18N::Langinfo

#LOCALE CATEGORIES

#Category LC_COLLATE: Collation: Text Comparisons and Sorting
#Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
#Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
#Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
#Category LC_TIME: Respresentation of time
#Other categories

#SECURITY

#ENVIRONMENT

PERL_SKIP_LOCALE_INIT, PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG

#Examples

#NOTES

#String eval and LC_NUMERIC
#Backward compatibility
#I18N:Collate obsolete
#Sort speed and memory use impacts
#Freely available locale definitions
#I18n and l10n
#An imperfect standard

#Unicode and UTF-8

#BUGS

#Collation of strings containing embedded NUL characters
#Multi-threaded
#Broken systems

#SEE ALSO

#HISTORY

#perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction

#DESCRIPTION

#Unicode
#Perl's Unicode Support
#Perl's Unicode Model
#Unicode and EBCDIC
#Creating Unicode
#Handling Unicode
#Legacy Encodings
#Unicode I/O
#Displaying Unicode As Text
#Special Cases
#Advanced Topics
#Miscellaneous
#Questions With Answers
#Hexadecimal Notation
#Further Resources

#UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS

#SEE ALSO

#ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

#AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE

#perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#Important Caveats: Safest if you use feature 'unicode_strings', Input and Output Layers, You must convert your non-ASCII, non-UTF-8 Perl scripts to be UTF-8, use utf8 still needed to enable UTF-8 in scripts, UTF-16 scripts autodetected
#Byte and Character Semantics
#ASCII Rules versus Unicode Rules: When the string has been upgraded to UTF-8, There are additional methods for regular expression patterns
#Extended Grapheme Clusters (Logical characters)
#Unicode Character Properties: \p{All}, \p{Alnum}, \p{Any}, \p{ASCII}, \p{Assigned}, \p{Blank}, \p{Decomposition_Type: Non_Canonical} (Short: \p{Dt=NonCanon}), \p{Graph}, \p{HorizSpace}, \p{In=*}, \p{PerlSpace}, \p{PerlWord}, \p{Posix...}, \p{Present_In: *} (Short: \p{In=*}), \p{Print}, \p{SpacePerl}, \p{Title} and \p{Titlecase}, \p{Unicode}, \p{VertSpace}, \p{Word}, \p{XPosix...}
#Comparison of \N{...} and \p{name=...}: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
#Wildcards in Property Values
#User-Defined Character Properties
#User-Defined Case Mappings (for serious hackers only)
#Character Encodings for Input and Output
#Unicode Regular Expression Support Level: [1] \N{U+...} and \x{...}, [2] \p{...} \P{...}. This requirement is for a minimal list of properties. Perl supports these. See R2.7 for other properties, [3], [4], [5] \b \B meet most, but not all, the details of this requirement, but \b{wb} and \B{wb} do, as well as the stricter R2.3, [6], [7], [8] UTF-8/UTF-EBDDIC used in Perl allows not only U+10000 to U+10FFFF but also beyond U+10FFFF, [9] Unicode has rewritten this portion of UTS#18 to say that getting canonical equivalence (see UAX#15 "Unicode Normalization Forms") is basically to be done at the programmer level. Use NFD to write both your regular expressions and text to match them against (you can use Unicode::Normalize), [10] Perl has \X and \b{gcb}. Unicode has retracted their "Grapheme Cluster Mode", and recently added string properties, which Perl does not yet support, [11] see UAX#29 "Unicode Text Segmentation",, [12] see "Wildcards in Property Values" in perlunicode above, [13] Perl supports all the properties in the Unicode Character Database (UCD). It does not yet support the listed properties that come from other Unicode sources, [14] The only optional property that Perl supports is Named Sequence. None of these properties are in the UCD
#Unicode Encodings
#Noncharacter code points
#Beyond Unicode code points
#Security Implications of Unicode
#Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
#Locales
#When Unicode Does Not Happen
#The "Unicode Bug"
#Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
#Using Unicode in XS
#Hacking Perl to work on earlier Unicode versions (for very serious hackers only)
#Porting code from perl-5.6.X

#BUGS

#Interaction with Extensions
#Speed

#SEE ALSO

#perlunicook - cookbookish examples of handling Unicode in Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#EXAMPLES

#℞ 0: Standard preamble
#℞ 1: Generic Unicode-savvy filter
#℞ 2: Fine-tuning Unicode warnings
#℞ 3: Declare source in utf8 for identifiers and literals
#℞ 4: Characters and their numbers
#℞ 5: Unicode literals by character number
#℞ 6: Get character name by number
#℞ 7: Get character number by name
#℞ 8: Unicode named characters
#℞ 9: Unicode named sequences
#℞ 10: Custom named characters
#℞ 11: Names of CJK codepoints
#℞ 12: Explicit encode/decode
#℞ 13: Decode program arguments as utf8
#℞ 14: Decode program arguments as locale encoding
#℞ 15: Declare STD{IN,OUT,ERR} to be utf8
#℞ 16: Declare STD{IN,OUT,ERR} to be in locale encoding
#℞ 17: Make file I/O default to utf8
#℞ 18: Make all I/O and args default to utf8
#℞ 19: Open file with specific encoding
#℞ 20: Unicode casing
#℞ 21: Unicode case-insensitive comparisons
#℞ 22: Match Unicode linebreak sequence in regex
#℞ 23: Get character category
#℞ 24: Disabling Unicode-awareness in builtin charclasses
#℞ 25: Match Unicode properties in regex with \p, \P
#℞ 26: Custom character properties
#℞ 27: Unicode normalization
#℞ 28: Convert non-ASCII Unicode numerics
#℞ 29: Match Unicode grapheme cluster in regex
#℞ 30: Extract by grapheme instead of by codepoint (regex)
#℞ 31: Extract by grapheme instead of by codepoint (substr)
#℞ 32: Reverse string by grapheme
#℞ 33: String length in graphemes
#℞ 34: Unicode column-width for printing
#℞ 35: Unicode collation
#℞ 36: Case- and accent-insensitive Unicode sort
#℞ 37: Unicode locale collation
#℞ 38: Making cmp work on text instead of codepoints
#℞ 39: Case- and accent-insensitive comparisons
#℞ 40: Case- and accent-insensitive locale comparisons
#℞ 41: Unicode linebreaking
#℞ 42: Unicode text in DBM hashes, the tedious way
#℞ 43: Unicode text in DBM hashes, the easy way
#℞ 44: PROGRAM: Demo of Unicode collation and printing

#SEE ALSO

§3.13 Default Case Algorithms, page 113; §4.2 Case, pages 120–122; Case Mappings, page 166–172, especially Caseless Matching starting on page 170, UAX #44: Unicode Character Database, UTS #18: Unicode Regular Expressions, UAX #15: Unicode Normalization Forms, UTS #10: Unicode Collation Algorithm, UAX #29: Unicode Text Segmentation, UAX #14: Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm, UAX #11: East Asian Width

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE

#REVISION HISTORY

#perlunifaq - Perl Unicode FAQ

#Q and A

#perlunitut isn't really a Unicode tutorial, is it?
#What character encodings does Perl support?
#Which version of perl should I use?
#What about binary data, like images?
#When should I decode or encode?
#What if I don't decode?
#What if I don't encode?: If the string's characters are all code point 255 or lower, Perl outputs bytes that match those code points. This is what happens with encoded strings. It can also, though, happen with unencoded strings that happen to be all code point 255 or lower, Otherwise, Perl outputs the string encoded as UTF-8. This only happens with strings you neglected to encode. Since that should not happen, Perl also throws a "wide character" warning in this case
#Is there a way to automatically decode or encode?
#What if I don't know which encoding was used?
#Can I use Unicode in my Perl sources?
#Data::Dumper doesn't restore the UTF8 flag; is it broken?
#Why do regex character classes sometimes match only in the ASCII range?
#Why do some characters not uppercase or lowercase correctly?
#How can I determine if a string is a text string or a binary string?
#How do I convert from encoding FOO to encoding BAR?
#What are decode_utf8 and encode_utf8?
#What is a "wide character"?

#INTERNALS

#What is "the UTF8 flag"?
#What about the use bytes pragma?
#What about the use encoding pragma?
#What is the difference between :encoding and :utf8?
#What's the difference between UTF-8 and utf8?
#I lost track; what encoding is the internal format really?

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#perluniprops - Index of Unicode Version 15.0.0 character properties in Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}

Single form (\p{name}) tighter rules:, white space adjacent to a non-word character, underscores separating digits in numbers, Compound form (\p{name=value} or \p{name:value}) tighter rules:, Stabilized, Deprecated, Obsolete, Discouraged, * is a wild-card, (\d+) in the info column gives the number of Unicode code points matched by this property, D means this is deprecated, O means this is obsolete, S means this is stabilized, T means tighter (stricter) name matching applies, X means use of this form is discouraged, and may not be stable

#Legal \p{} and \P{} constructs that match no characters: \p{Canonical_Combining_Class=Attached_Below_Left}, \p{Canonical_Combining_Class=CCC133}, \p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break=E_Base}, \p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break=E_Base_GAZ}, \p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break=E_Modifier}, \p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break=Glue_After_Zwj}, \p{Word_Break=E_Base}, \p{Word_Break=E_Base_GAZ}, \p{Word_Break=E_Modifier}, \p{Word_Break=Glue_After_Zwj}

#Properties accessible through Unicode::UCD

#Properties accessible through other means

#Unicode character properties that are NOT accepted by Perl

Expands_On_NFC (XO_NFC), Expands_On_NFD (XO_NFD), Expands_On_NFKC (XO_NFKC), Expands_On_NFKD (XO_NFKD), Grapheme_Link (Gr_Link), Jamo_Short_Name (JSN), Other_Alphabetic (OAlpha), Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point (ODI), Other_Grapheme_Extend (OGr_Ext), Other_ID_Continue (OIDC), Other_ID_Start (OIDS), Other_Lowercase (OLower), Other_Math (OMath), Other_Uppercase (OUpper), Script=Katakana_Or_Hiragana (sc=Hrkt), Script_Extensions=Katakana_Or_Hiragana (scx=Hrkt)

#Other information in the Unicode data base

auxiliary/GraphemeBreakTest.html, auxiliary/LineBreakTest.html, auxiliary/SentenceBreakTest.html, auxiliary/WordBreakTest.html, BidiCharacterTest.txt, BidiTest.txt, CJKRadicals.txt, confusables.txt, confusablesSummary.txt, intentional.txt, emoji/ReadMe.txt, ReadMe.txt, EmojiSources.txt, extracted/DName.txt, Index.txt, NamedSqProv.txt, NamesList.html, NamesList.txt, NormalizationCorrections.txt, NushuSources.txt, StandardizedVariants.html, StandardizedVariants.txt, TangutSources.txt, USourceData.txt, USourceGlyphs.pdf

#SEE ALSO

#perlunitut - Perl Unicode Tutorial

#DESCRIPTION

#Definitions
#Your new toolkit
#I/O flow (the actual 5 minute tutorial)

#SUMMARY

#Q and A (or FAQ)

#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms

#DESCRIPTION

#COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS

#ASCII
#ISO 8859
#Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
#EBCDIC: 0037, 1047, POSIX-BC
#Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
#Unicode and UTF
#Using Encode

#SINGLE OCTET TABLES

recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6

#Table in hex, sorted in 1047 order

#IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS

#CONVERSIONS

#utf8::unicode_to_native() and utf8::native_to_unicode()
#tr///
#iconv
#C RTL

#OPERATOR DIFFERENCES

#FUNCTION DIFFERENCES

chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()

#REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES

#SOCKETS

#SORTING

#Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
#Use a sort helper function
#MONO CASE then sort data (for non-digits, non-underscore)
#Perform sorting on one type of platform only.

#TRANSFORMATION FORMATS

#URL decoding and encoding
#uu encoding and decoding
#Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
#Caesarean ciphers

#Hashing order and checksums

#I18N AND L10N

#MULTI-OCTET CHARACTER SETS

#OS ISSUES

#OS/400: PASE, IFS access
#OS/390, z/OS: sigaction, chcp, dataset access, iconv, locales
#POSIX-BC?

#BUGS

#SEE ALSO

#REFERENCES

#HISTORY

#AUTHOR

#perlsec - Perl security

#DESCRIPTION

#SECURITY VULNERABILITY CONTACT INFORMATION

#SECURITY MECHANISMS AND CONCERNS

#Taint mode
#Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
#Switches On the "#!" Line
#Taint mode and @INC
#Cleaning Up Your Path
#Shebang Race Condition
#Protecting Your Programs
#Unicode
#Algorithmic Complexity Attacks: Hash Seed Randomization, Hash Traversal Randomization, Bucket Order Perturbance, New Default Hash Function, Alternative Hash Functions
#Using Sudo

#SEE ALSO

#perlsecpolicy - Perl security report handling policy

#DESCRIPTION

#REPORTING SECURITY ISSUES IN PERL

#WHAT ARE SECURITY ISSUES

#Software covered by the Perl security team
#Bugs that may qualify as security issues in Perl
#Bugs that do not qualify as security issues in Perl
#Bugs that require special categorization

#HOW WE DEAL WITH SECURITY ISSUES

#Perl's vulnerability remediation workflow
#Publicly known and zero-day security issues
#Vulnerability credit and bounties

#perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)

#DESCRIPTION

#Is this the document you were after?: This doc, perlnewmod, perlmodstyle
#Packages
#Symbol Tables
#BEGIN, UNITCHECK, CHECK, INIT and END
#Perl Classes
#Perl Modules
#Making your module threadsafe

#SEE ALSO

#perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones

#THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY

#Pragmatic Modules: attributes, autodie, autodie::exception, autodie::exception::system, autodie::hints, autodie::skip, autouse, base, bigfloat, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, builtin, bytes, charnames, constant, deprecate, diagnostics, encoding, encoding::warnings, experimental, feature, fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, mro, ok, open, ops, overload, overloading, parent, re, sigtrap, sort, stable, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
#Standard Modules: Amiga::ARexx, Amiga::Exec, AnyDBM_File, App::Cpan, App::Prove, App::Prove::State, App::Prove::State::Result, App::Prove::State::Result::Test, Archive::Tar, Archive::Tar::File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Concise, B::Deparse, B::Op_private, B::Showlex, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, IO::Socket::IP, Socket, Test2::Tools::Refcount, CORE, CPAN, CPAN::API::HOWTO, CPAN::Debug, CPAN::Distroprefs, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::HandleConfig, CPAN::Kwalify, CPAN::Meta, CPAN::Meta::Converter, CPAN::Meta::Feature, CPAN::Meta::History, CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_0, CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_1, CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_2, CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_3, CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_4, CPAN::Meta::Merge, CPAN::Meta::Prereqs, CPAN::Meta::Requirements, CPAN::Meta::Requirements::Range, CPAN::Meta::Spec, CPAN::Meta::Validator, CPAN::Meta::YAML, CPAN::Nox, CPAN::Plugin, CPAN::Plugin::Specfile, CPAN::Queue, CPAN::Tarzip, CPAN::Version, Carp, Class::Struct, Compress::Raw::Bzip2, Compress::Raw::Zlib, Compress::Zlib, Config, Config::Extensions, Config::Perl::V, Cwd, DB, DBM_Filter, DBM_Filter::compress, DBM_Filter::encode, DBM_Filter::int32, DBM_Filter::null, DBM_Filter::utf8, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, Digest::SHA, Digest::base, Digest::file, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::GSM0338, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Name, Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::CBuilder, ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Constant::Base, ExtUtils::Constant::Utils, ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_AIX, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_Darwin, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_OS390, ExtUtils::MM_QNX, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_VOS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Miniperl, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::PL2Bat, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::ParseXS, ExtUtils::ParseXS::Constants, ExtUtils::ParseXS::Eval, ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities, ExtUtils::Typemaps, ExtUtils::Typemaps::Cmd, ExtUtils::Typemaps::InputMap, ExtUtils::Typemaps::OutputMap, ExtUtils::Typemaps::Type, ExtUtils::XSSymSet, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Fetch, File::Find, File::Glob, File::GlobMapper, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::AmigaOS, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Long::Parser, Getopt::Std, HTTP::Tiny, Hash::Util, Hash::Util::FieldHash, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::Detect, I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Compress::Base, IO::Compress::Bzip2, IO::Compress::Deflate, IO::Compress::FAQ, IO::Compress::Gzip, IO::Compress::RawDeflate, IO::Compress::Zip, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate, IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress, IO::Uncompress::Base, IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2, IO::Uncompress::Gunzip, IO::Uncompress::Inflate, IO::Uncompress::RawInflate, IO::Uncompress::Unzip, IO::Zlib, IPC::Cmd, IPC::Msg, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::Semaphore, IPC::SharedMem, IPC::SysV, Internals, JSON::PP, JSON::PP::Boolean, List::Util, List::Util::XS, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::Cookbook, Locale::Maketext::Guts, Locale::Maketext::GutsLoader, Locale::Maketext::Simple, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, MIME::Base64, MIME::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::FastCalc, Math::BigInt::Lib, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, Module::CoreList, Module::CoreList::Utils, Module::Load, Module::Load::Conditional, Module::Loaded, Module::Metadata, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::FTP::dataconn, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, Params::Check, Parse::CPAN::Meta, Perl::OSType, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::mmap, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Escapes, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::Html::Util, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::Perldoc, Pod::Perldoc::BaseTo, Pod::Perldoc::GetOptsOO, Pod::Perldoc::ToANSI, Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff, Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToTerm, Pod::Perldoc::ToText, Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::Simple, Pod::Simple::Checker, Pod::Simple::Debug, Pod::Simple::DumpAsText, Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML, Pod::Simple::HTML, Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch, Pod::Simple::JustPod, Pod::Simple::LinkSection, Pod::Simple::Methody, Pod::Simple::PullParser, Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken, Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken, Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken, Pod::Simple::PullParserToken, Pod::Simple::RTF, Pod::Simple::Search, Pod::Simple::SimpleTree, Pod::Simple::Subclassing, Pod::Simple::Text, Pod::Simple::TextContent, Pod::Simple::XHTML, Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Storable, Sub::Util, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Syslog::Win32, TAP::Base, TAP::Formatter::Base, TAP::Formatter::Color, TAP::Formatter::Console, TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession, TAP::Formatter::Console::Session, TAP::Formatter::File, TAP::Formatter::File::Session, TAP::Formatter::Session, TAP::Harness, TAP::Harness::Env, TAP::Object, TAP::Parser, TAP::Parser::Aggregator, TAP::Parser::Grammar, TAP::Parser::Iterator, TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array, TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process, TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream, TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory, TAP::Parser::Multiplexer, TAP::Parser::Result, TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout, TAP::Parser::Result::Comment, TAP::Parser::Result::Plan, TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma, TAP::Parser::Result::Test, TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown, TAP::Parser::Result::Version, TAP::Parser::Result::YAML, TAP::Parser::ResultFactory, TAP::Parser::Scheduler, TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job, TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner, TAP::Parser::Source, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP, TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader, TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Term::Table, Term::Table::Cell, Term::Table::CellStack, Term::Table::HashBase, Term::Table::LineBreak, Term::Table::Util, Test, Test2, Test2::API, Test2::API::Breakage, Test2::API::Context, Test2::API::Instance, Test2::API::InterceptResult, Test2::API::InterceptResult::Event, Test2::API::InterceptResult::Hub, Test2::API::InterceptResult::Squasher, Test2::API::Stack, Test2::AsyncSubtest, Test2::AsyncSubtest::Event::Attach, Test2::AsyncSubtest::Event::Detach, Test2::AsyncSubtest::Hub, Test2::Bundle, Test2::Bundle::Extended, Test2::Bundle::More, Test2::Bundle::Simple, Test2::Compare, Test2::Compare::Array, Test2::Compare::Bag, Test2::Compare::Base, Test2::Compare::Bool, Test2::Compare::Custom, Test2::Compare::DeepRef, Test2::Compare::Delta, Test2::Compare::Event, Test2::Compare::EventMeta, Test2::Compare::Float, Test2::Compare::Hash, Test2::Compare::Isa, Test2::Compare::Meta, Test2::Compare::Negatable, Test2::Compare::Number, Test2::Compare::Object, Test2::Compare::OrderedSubset, Test2::Compare::Pattern, Test2::Compare::Ref, Test2::Compare::Regex, Test2::Compare::Scalar, Test2::Compare::Set, Test2::Compare::String, Test2::Compare::Undef, Test2::Compare::Wildcard, Test2::Event, Test2::Event::Bail, Test2::Event::Diag, Test2::Event::Encoding, Test2::Event::Exception, Test2::Event::Fail, Test2::Event::Generic, Test2::Event::Note, Test2::Event::Ok, Test2::Event::Pass, Test2::Event::Plan, Test2::Event::Skip, Test2::Event::Subtest, Test2::Event::TAP::Version, Test2::Event::V2, Test2::Event::Waiting, Test2::EventFacet, Test2::EventFacet::About, Test2::EventFacet::Amnesty, Test2::EventFacet::Assert, Test2::EventFacet::Control, Test2::EventFacet::Error, Test2::EventFacet::Hub, Test2::EventFacet::Info, Test2::EventFacet::Info::Table, Test2::EventFacet::Meta, Test2::EventFacet::Parent, Test2::EventFacet::Plan, Test2::EventFacet::Render, Test2::EventFacet::Trace, Test2::Formatter, Test2::Formatter::TAP, Test2::Hub, Test2::Hub::Interceptor, Test2::Hub::Interceptor::Terminator, Test2::Hub::Subtest, Test2::IPC, Test2::IPC::Driver, Test2::IPC::Driver::Files, Test2::Manual, Test2::Manual::Anatomy, Test2::Manual::Anatomy::API, Test2::Manual::Anatomy::Context, Test2::Manual::Anatomy::Event, Test2::Manual::Anatomy::Hubs, Test2::Manual::Anatomy::IPC, Test2::Manual::Anatomy::Utilities, Test2::Manual::Concurrency, Test2::Manual::Contributing, Test2::Manual::EndToEnd, Test2::Manual::Testing, Test2::Manual::Testing::Introduction, Test2::Manual::Testing::Migrating, Test2::Manual::Testing::Planning, Test2::Manual::Testing::Todo, Test2::Manual::Tooling, Test2::Manual::Tooling::FirstTool, Test2::Manual::Tooling::Formatter, Test2::Manual::Tooling::Nesting, Test2::Manual::Tooling::Plugin::TestExit, Test2::Manual::Tooling::Plugin::TestingDone, Test2::Manual::Tooling::Plugin::ToolCompletes, Test2::Manual::Tooling::Plugin::ToolStarts, Test2::Manual::Tooling::Subtest, Test2::Manual::Tooling::TestBuilder, Test2::Manual::Tooling::Testing, Test2::Mock, Test2::Plugin, Test2::Plugin::BailOnFail, Test2::Plugin::DieOnFail, Test2::Plugin::ExitSummary, Test2::Plugin::SRand, Test2::Plugin::Times, Test2::Plugin::UTF8, Test2::Require, Test2::Require::AuthorTesting, Test2::Require::EnvVar, Test2::Require::Fork, Test2::Require::Module, Test2::Require::Perl, Test2::Require::RealFork, Test2::Require::Threads, Test2::Suite, Test2::Todo, Test2::Tools, Test2::Tools::AsyncSubtest, Test2::Tools::Basic, Test2::Tools::Class, Test2::Tools::ClassicCompare, Test2::Tools::Compare, Test2::Tools::Defer, Test2::Tools::Encoding, Test2::Tools::Event, Test2::Tools::Exception, Test2::Tools::Exports, Test2::Tools::GenTemp, Test2::Tools::Grab, Test2::Tools::Mock, Test2::Tools::Ref, Test2::Tools::Spec, Test2::Tools::Subtest, Test2::Tools::Target, Test2::Tools::Tester, Test2::Tools::Tiny, Test2::Tools::Warnings, Test2::Transition, Test2::Util, Test2::Util::ExternalMeta, Test2::Util::Facets2Legacy, Test2::Util::Grabber, Test2::Util::Guard, Test2::Util::HashBase, Test2::Util::Importer, Test2::Util::Ref, Test2::Util::Stash, Test2::Util::Sub, Test2::Util::Table, Test2::Util::Table::LineBreak, Test2::Util::Times, Test2::Util::Trace, Test2::V0, Test2::Workflow, Test2::Workflow::BlockBase, Test2::Workflow::Build, Test2::Workflow::Runner, Test2::Workflow::Task, Test2::Workflow::Task::Action, Test2::Workflow::Task::Group, Test::Builder, Test::Builder::Formatter, Test::Builder::IO::Scalar, Test::Builder::Module, Test::Builder::Tester, Test::Builder::Tester::Color, Test::Builder::TodoDiag, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Beyond, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tester, Test::Tester::Capture, Test::Tester::CaptureRunner, Test::Tutorial, Test::use::ok, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Hash::NamedCapture, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdHandle, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::Piece, Time::Seconds, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Collate::CJK::Big5, Unicode::Collate::CJK::GB2312, Unicode::Collate::CJK::JISX0208, Unicode::Collate::CJK::Korean, Unicode::Collate::CJK::Pinyin, Unicode::Collate::CJK::Stroke, Unicode::Collate::CJK::Zhuyin, Unicode::Collate::Locale, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, VMS::DCLsym, VMS::Filespec, VMS::Stdio, Win32, Win32API::File, Win32CORE, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, XSLoader, autodie::Scope::Guard, autodie::Scope::GuardStack, autodie::Util, version::Internals
#Extension Modules

#CPAN

#Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse

#Guidelines for Module Creation
#Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
#Guidelines for Reusing Application Code

#NOTE

#perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide

#INTRODUCTION

#QUICK CHECKLIST

#Before you start
#The API
#Stability
#Documentation
#Release considerations

#BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE

#Has it been done before?
#Do one thing and do it well
#What's in a name?
#Get feedback before publishing

#DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE

#To OO or not to OO?
#Designing your API: Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions, Parameter passing
#Strictness and warnings
#Backwards compatibility
#Error handling and messages

#DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE

#POD
#README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs: perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build, perl Build test, perl Build install

#RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS

#Version numbering
#Pre-requisites
#Testing
#Packaging
#Licensing

#COMMON PITFALLS

#Reinventing the wheel
#Trying to do too much
#Inappropriate documentation

#SEE ALSO

perlstyle, perlnewmod, perlpod, podchecker, Packaging Tools, Testing tools, https://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering

#AUTHOR

#perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules

#DESCRIPTION

#PREAMBLE: DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a directory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary), INSTALL the module

#PORTABILITY

#HEY

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT

#perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution

#DESCRIPTION

#Warning
#What should I make into a module?
#Step-by-step: Preparing the ground: Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
#Step-by-step: Making the module: Start with module-starter or h2xs, Use strict and warnings, Use Carp, Use Exporter - wisely!, Use plain old documentation, Write tests, Write the README, Write Changes
#Step-by-step: Distributing your module: Get a CPAN user ID, Make the tarball, Upload the tarball, Fix bugs!

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#perlpragma - how to write a user pragma

#DESCRIPTION
#A basic example
#Key naming
#Implementation details

#perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution

#DESCRIPTION

#LIST OF UTILITIES

#Documentation: perldoc, pod2man, pod2text, pod2html, pod2usage, podchecker, splain, roffitall
#Converters: pl2pm
#Administration: libnetcfg, perlivp
#Development: perlbug, perlthanks, h2ph, h2xs, enc2xs, xsubpp, prove, corelist
#General tools: encguess, json_pp, piconv, ptar, ptardiff, ptargrep, shasum, streamzip, zipdetails
#Installation: cpan, instmodsh

#SEE ALSO

#perlfilter - Source Filters

#DESCRIPTION
#CONCEPTS
#USING FILTERS
#WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
#WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C: Decryption Filters
#CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
#WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
#USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
#CONCLUSION
#LIMITATIONS
#THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR: Some Filters Clobber the DATA Handle
#REQUIREMENTS
#AUTHOR
#Copyrights

#perldtrace - Perl's support for DTrace

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#HISTORY
#PROBES: sub-entry(SUBNAME, FILE, LINE, PACKAGE), sub-return(SUBNAME, FILE, LINE, PACKAGE), phase-change(NEWPHASE, OLDPHASE), op-entry(OPNAME), loading-file(FILENAME), loaded-file(FILENAME)
#EXAMPLES: Most frequently called functions, Trace function calls, Function calls during interpreter cleanup, System calls at compile time, Perl functions that execute the most opcodes
#REFERENCES: DTrace Dynamic Tracing Guide, DTrace: Dynamic Tracing in Oracle Solaris, Mac OS X and FreeBSD
#SEE ALSO: Devel::DTrace::Provider
#AUTHORS

#perlglossary - Perl Glossary

#VERSION

#DESCRIPTION

#A: accessor methods, actual arguments, address operator, algorithm, alias, alphabetic, alternatives, anonymous, application, architecture, argument, ARGV, arithmetical operator, array, array context, Artistic License, ASCII, assertion, assignment, assignment operator, associative array, associativity, asynchronous, atom, atomic operation, attribute, autogeneration, autoincrement, autoload, autosplit, autovivification, AV, awk
#B: backreference, backtracking, backward compatibility, bareword, base class, big-endian, binary, binary operator, bind, bit, bit shift, bit string, bless, block, BLOCK, block buffering, Boolean, Boolean context, breakpoint, broadcast, BSD, bucket, buffer, built-in, bundle, byte, bytecode
#C: C, cache, callback, call by reference, call by value, canonical, capture variables, capturing, cargo cult, case, casefolding, casemapping, character, character class, character property, circumfix operator, class, class method, client, closure, cluster, CODE, code generator, codepoint, code subpattern, collating sequence, co-maintainer, combining character, command, command buffering, command-line arguments, command name, comment, compilation unit, compile, compile phase, compiler, compile time, composer, concatenation, conditional, connection, construct, constructor, context, continuation, core dump, CPAN, C preprocessor, cracker, currently selected output channel, current package, current working directory, CV
#D: dangling statement, datagram, data structure, data type, DBM, declaration, declarator, decrement, default, defined, delimiter, dereference, derived class, descriptor, destroy, destructor, device, directive, directory, directory handle, discipline, dispatch, distribution, dual-lived, dweomer, dwimmer, dynamic scoping
#E: eclectic, element, embedding, empty subclass test, encapsulation, endian, en passant, environment, environment variable, EOF, errno, error, escape sequence, exception, exception handling, exec, executable file, execute, execute bit, exit status, exploit, export, expression, extension
#F: false, FAQ, fatal error, feeping creaturism, field, FIFO, file, file descriptor, fileglob, filehandle, filename, filesystem, file test operator, filter, first-come, flag, floating point, flush, FMTEYEWTK, foldcase, fork, formal arguments, format, freely available, freely redistributable, freeware, function, funny character
#G: garbage collection, GID, glob, global, global destruction, glue language, granularity, grapheme, greedy, grep, group, GV
#H: hacker, handler, hard reference, hash, hash table, header file, here document, hexadecimal, home directory, host, hubris, HV
#I: identifier, impatience, implementation, import, increment, indexing, indirect filehandle, indirection, indirect object, indirect object slot, infix, inheritance, instance, instance data, instance method, instance variable, integer, interface, interpolation, interpreter, invocant, invocation, I/O, IO, I/O layer, IPA, IP, IPC, is-a, iteration, iterator, IV
#J: JAPH
#K: key, keyword
#L: label, laziness, leftmost longest, left shift, lexeme, lexer, lexical analysis, lexical scoping, lexical variable, library, LIFO, line, linebreak, line buffering, line number, link, LIST, list, list context, list operator, list value, literal, little-endian, local, logical operator, lookahead, lookbehind, loop, loop control statement, loop label, lowercase, lvaluable, lvalue, lvalue modifier
#M: magic, magical increment, magical variables, Makefile, man, manpage, matching, member data, memory, metacharacter, metasymbol, method, method resolution order, minicpan, minimalism, mode, modifier, module, modulus, mojibake, monger, mortal, mro, multidimensional array, multiple inheritance
#N: named pipe, namespace, NaN, network address, newline, NFS, normalization, null character, null list, null string, numeric context, numification, NV, nybble
#O: object, octal, offset, one-liner, open source software, operand, operating system, operator, operator overloading, options, ordinal, overloading, overriding, owner
#P: package, pad, parameter, parent class, parse tree, parsing, patch, PATH, pathname, pattern, pattern matching, PAUSE, Perl mongers, permission bits, Pern, pipe, pipeline, platform, pod, pod command, pointer, polymorphism, port, portable, porter, possessive, POSIX, postfix, pp, pragma, precedence, prefix, preprocessing, primary maintainer, procedure, process, program, program generator, progressive matching, property, protocol, prototype, pseudofunction, pseudohash, pseudoliteral, public domain, pumpkin, pumpking, PV
#Q: qualified, quantifier
#R: race condition, readable, reaping, record, recursion, reference, referent, regex, regular expression, regular expression modifier, regular file, relational operator, reserved words, return value, RFC, right shift, role, root, RTFM, run phase, runtime, runtime pattern, RV, rvalue
#S: sandbox, scalar, scalar context, scalar literal, scalar value, scalar variable, scope, scratchpad, script, script kiddie, sed, semaphore, separator, serialization, server, service, setgid, setuid, shared memory, shebang, shell, side effects, sigil, signal, signal handler, single inheritance, slice, slurp, socket, soft reference, source filter, stack, standard, standard error, standard input, standard I/O, Standard Library, standard output, statement, statement modifier, static, static method, static scoping, static variable, stat structure, status, STDERR, STDIN, STDIO, STDOUT, stream, string, string context, stringification, struct, structure, subclass, subpattern, subroutine, subscript, substitution, substring, superclass, superuser, SV, switch, switch cluster, switch statement, symbol, symbolic debugger, symbolic link, symbolic reference, symbol table, synchronous, syntactic sugar, syntax, syntax tree, syscall
#T: taint checks, tainted, taint mode, TCP, term, terminator, ternary, text, thread, tie, titlecase, TMTOWTDI, token, tokener, tokenizing, toolbox approach, topic, transliterate, trigger, trinary, troff, true, truncating, type, type casting, typedef, typed lexical, typeglob, typemap
#U: UDP, UID, umask, unary operator, Unicode, Unix, uppercase
#V: value, variable, variable interpolation, variadic, vector, virtual, void context, v-string
#W: warning, watch expression, weak reference, whitespace, word, working directory, wrapper, WYSIWYG
#X: XS, XSUB
#Y: yacc
#Z: zero width, zombie

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program

#DESCRIPTION

#PREAMBLE: Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?
#ROADMAP
#Compiling your C program
#Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
#Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
#Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
#Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
#Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
#Maintaining a persistent interpreter
#Execution of END blocks
#$0 assignments
#Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
#Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program
#Using embedded Perl with POSIX locales

#Hiding Perl_

#MORAL

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT

#perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging

#DESCRIPTION

#Debugger Internals

#Writing Your Own Debugger

#Frame Listing Output Examples

#Debugging Regular Expressions

#Compile-time Output: anchored STRING at POS, floating STRING at POS1..POS2, matching floating/anchored, minlen, stclass TYPE, noscan, isall, GPOS, plus, implicit, with eval, anchored(TYPE)
#Types of Nodes
#Run-time Output

#Debugging Perl Memory Usage

#Using $ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}: buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX), Free/Used, Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS, pad: 0, heads: 2192, chain: 0, tail: 6144

#SEE ALSO

#perlxstut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs

#DESCRIPTION

#SPECIAL NOTES

#make
#Version caveat
#Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
#Threads and PERL_NO_GET_CONTEXT

#TUTORIAL

#EXAMPLE 1
#EXAMPLE 2
#What has gone on?
#Writing good test scripts
#EXAMPLE 3
#What's new here?
#Input and Output Parameters
#The XSUBPP Program
#The TYPEMAP file
#Warning about Output Arguments
#EXAMPLE 4
#What has happened here?
#Anatomy of .xs file
#Getting the fat out of XSUBs
#More about XSUB arguments
#The Argument Stack
#Extending your Extension
#Documenting your Extension
#Installing your Extension
#EXAMPLE 5
#New Things in this Example
#EXAMPLE 6
#New Things in this Example
#EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
#EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
#EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
#Troubleshooting these Examples

#See also

#Author

#Last Changed

#perlxs - XS language reference manual

#DESCRIPTION

#Introduction
#On The Road
#The Anatomy of an XSUB
#The Argument Stack
#The RETVAL Variable
#Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL
#The MODULE Keyword
#The PACKAGE Keyword
#The PREFIX Keyword
#The OUTPUT: Keyword
#The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
#The CODE: Keyword
#The INIT: Keyword
#The NO_INIT Keyword
#The TYPEMAP: Keyword
#Initializing Function Parameters
#Default Parameter Values
#The PREINIT: Keyword
#The SCOPE: Keyword
#The INPUT: Keyword
#The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
#The length(NAME) Keyword
#Variable-length Parameter Lists
#The C_ARGS: Keyword
#The PPCODE: Keyword
#Returning Undef And Empty Lists
#The REQUIRE: Keyword
#The CLEANUP: Keyword
#The POSTCALL: Keyword
#The BOOT: Keyword
#The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
#The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
#The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
#The ALIAS: Keyword
#The OVERLOAD: Keyword
#The FALLBACK: Keyword
#The INTERFACE: Keyword
#The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
#The INCLUDE: Keyword
#The INCLUDE_COMMAND: Keyword
#The CASE: Keyword
#The EXPORT_XSUB_SYMBOLS: Keyword
#The & Unary Operator
#Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
#Using XS With C++
#Interface Strategy
#Perl Objects And C Structures
#Safely Storing Static Data in XS: MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT, aMY_CXT/pMY_CXT, MY_CXT_CLONE, MY_CXT_INIT_INTERP(my_perl), dMY_CXT_INTERP(my_perl)
#Thread-aware system interfaces

#EXAMPLES

#CAVEATS

Non-locale-aware XS code, Locale-aware XS code

#XS VERSION

#AUTHOR DIAGNOSTICS

#AUTHOR

#perlxstypemap - Perl XS C/Perl type mapping

#DESCRIPTION

#Anatomy of a typemap
#The Role of the typemap File in Your Distribution
#Sharing typemaps Between CPAN Distributions
#Writing typemap Entries
#Full Listing of Core Typemaps: T_SV, T_SVREF, T_SVREF_FIXED, T_AVREF, T_AVREF_REFCOUNT_FIXED, T_HVREF, T_HVREF_REFCOUNT_FIXED, T_CVREF, T_CVREF_REFCOUNT_FIXED, T_SYSRET, T_UV, T_IV, T_INT, T_ENUM, T_BOOL, T_U_INT, T_SHORT, T_U_SHORT, T_LONG, T_U_LONG, T_CHAR, T_U_CHAR, T_FLOAT, T_NV, T_DOUBLE, T_PV, T_PTR, T_PTRREF, T_PTROBJ, T_REF_IV_REF, T_REF_IV_PTR, T_PTRDESC, T_REFREF, T_REFOBJ, T_OPAQUEPTR, T_OPAQUE, Implicit array, T_PACKED, T_PACKEDARRAY, T_DATAUNIT, T_CALLBACK, T_ARRAY, T_STDIO, T_INOUT, T_IN, T_OUT

#perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions

#DESCRIPTION

#Conventions: t, p, n, s
#File Operations
#File Input and Output
#File Positioning
#Memory Management and String Handling
#Character Class Tests
#stdlib.h functions
#Miscellaneous functions

#SEE ALSO

#perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API

#DESCRIPTION

#Variables

#Datatypes
#What is an "IV"?
#Working with SVs: SvIV(SV*) (IV) and SvUV(SV*) (UV), SvNV(SV*) (double), Strings are a bit complicated:, Byte string: SvPVbyte(SV*, STRLEN len) or SvPVbyte_nolen(SV*), UTF-8 string: SvPVutf8(SV*, STRLEN len) or SvPVutf8_nolen(SV*), You can also use SvPV(SV*, STRLEN len) or SvPV_nolen(SV*) to fetch the SV's raw internal buffer. This is tricky, though; if your Perl string is "\xff\xff", then depending on the SV's internal encoding you might get back a 2-byte OR a 4-byte char*. Moreover, if it's the 4-byte string, that could come from either Perl "\xff\xff" stored UTF-8 encoded, or Perl "\xc3\xbf\xc3\xbf" stored as raw octets. To differentiate between these you MUST look up the SV's UTF8 bit (cf. SvUTF8) to know whether the source Perl string is 2 characters (SvUTF8 would be on) or 4 characters (SvUTF8 would be off)
#Offsets
#What's Really Stored in an SV?
#Working with AVs: av_store_simple, av_fetch_simple, av_push_simple, are not magical, are not readonly, are "real" (refcounted) AVs, have an av_top_index value > -2
#Working with HVs
#Hash API Extensions
#AVs, HVs and undefined values
#References
#Blessed References and Class Objects
#Creating New Variables: GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
#Reference Counts and Mortality
#Stashes and Globs
#I/O Handles
#Double-Typed SVs
#Read-Only Values
#Copy on Write
#Magic Variables
#Assigning Magic
#Magic Virtual Tables
#Finding Magic
#Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
#Localizing changes: SAVEINT(int i), SAVEIV(IV i), SAVEI32(I32 i), SAVELONG(long i), SAVEI8(I8 i), SAVEI16(I16 i), SAVEBOOL(int i), SAVESTRLEN(STRLEN i), SAVESPTR(s), SAVEPPTR(p), SAVERCPV(char **ppv), SAVEGENERICSV(SV **psv), SAVEFREESV(SV *sv), SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV *sv), SAVEFREEOP(OP *op), SAVEFREEPV(p), SAVEFREERCPV(char *pv), SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv), SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length), SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p), SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p), MORTALSVFUNC_X(SVFUNC_t f, SV *sv), MORTALDESTRUCTOR_SV(SV *coderef, SV *args), SAVESTACK_POS(), SV* save_scalar(GV *gv), AV* save_ary(GV *gv), HV* save_hash(GV *gv), void save_item(SV *item), SV* save_svref(SV **sptr), void save_aptr(AV **aptr), void save_hptr(HV **hptr)

#Subroutines

#XSUBs and the Argument Stack
#Autoloading with XSUBs
#Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
#Putting a C value on Perl stack
#Scratchpads
#Scratchpads and recursion

#Memory Allocation

#Allocation
#Reallocation
#Moving

#PerlIO

#Compiled code

#Code tree
#Examining the tree
#Compile pass 1: check routines
#Compile pass 1a: constant folding
#Compile pass 2: context propagation
#Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
#Pluggable runops
#Compile-time scope hooks: void bhk_start(pTHX_ int full), void bhk_pre_end(pTHX_ OP **o), void bhk_post_end(pTHX_ OP **o), void bhk_eval(pTHX_ OP *const o)

#Examining internal data structures with the dump functions

#How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported

#Background and MULTIPLICITY
#So what happened to dTHR?
#How do I use all this in extensions?
#Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
#Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS

#Internal Functions

#Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
#Formatted Printing of SVs
#Formatted Printing of Strings

#Formatted Printing of Size_t and SSize_t
#Formatted Printing of Ptrdiff_t, intmax_t, short and other special sizes
#Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
#Exception Handling
#Source Documentation
#Backwards compatibility

#Unicode Support

#What is Unicode, anyway?
#How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
#How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
#How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
#How do I pass a Perl string to a C library?: bytes: 0x64 0x78 0x8c, UTF-8: 0x64 0x78 0xc2 0x8c
#How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
#How do I compare strings?
#Is there anything else I need to know?

#Custom Operators

xop_name, xop_desc, xop_class, OA_BASEOP, OA_UNOP, OA_BINOP, OA_LOGOP, OA_LISTOP, OA_PMOP, OA_SVOP, OA_PADOP, OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP, OA_LOOP, OA_COP, xop_peep

#Stacks

#Value Stack
#Mark Stack
#Temporaries Stack
#Save Stack
#Scope Stack

#Dynamic Scope and the Context Stack

#Introduction to the context stack
#Pushing contexts
#Popping contexts
#Redoing contexts

#Reference-counted argument stack

#Introduction
#Reference counted stack states: not reference-counted, fully reference-counted, partially reference-counted (split)
#Wrapping
#(Re)writing a PP function using the rpp_() API

#Slab-based operator allocation

#AUTHORS

#SEE ALSO

#perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C

#DESCRIPTION

An Error Handler, An Event-Driven Program

#THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS

call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv

#FLAG VALUES

#G_VOID
#G_SCALAR
#G_LIST
#G_DISCARD
#G_NOARGS
#G_EVAL
#G_KEEPERR
#Determining the Context

#EXAMPLES

#No Parameters, Nothing Returned
#Passing Parameters
#Returning a Scalar
#Returning a List of Values
#Returning a List in Scalar Context
#Returning Data from Perl via the Parameter List
#Using G_EVAL
#Using G_KEEPERR
#Using call_sv
#Using call_argv
#Using call_method
#Using GIMME_V
#Using Perl to Dispose of Temporaries
#Strategies for Storing Callback Context Information: 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback
#Alternate Stack Manipulation
#Creating and Calling an Anonymous Subroutine in C

#LIGHTWEIGHT CALLBACKS

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#DATE

#perlmroapi - Perl method resolution plugin interface

#DESCRIPTION: resolve, name, length, kflags, hash
#Callbacks
#Caching
#Examples
#AUTHORS

#perlreapi - Perl regular expression plugin interface

#DESCRIPTION

#Callbacks

#comp: /m - RXf_PMf_MULTILINE, /s - RXf_PMf_SINGLELINE, /i - RXf_PMf_FOLD, /x - RXf_PMf_EXTENDED, /p - RXf_PMf_KEEPCOPY, Character set, RXf_SPLIT, RXf_SKIPWHITE, RXf_START_ONLY, RXf_WHITE, RXf_NULL, RXf_NO_INPLACE_SUBST
#exec: rx, sv, strbeg, strend, stringarg, minend, data, flags
#intuit
#checkstr
#free
#Numbered capture callbacks
#Named capture callbacks
#qr_package
#dupe
#op_comp

#The REGEXP structure

#engine
#mother_re
#extflags
#minlen minlenret
#gofs
#substrs
#nparens, logical_nparens
#logical_to_parno, parno_to_logical, parno_to_logical_next
#lastparen, and lastcloseparen
#intflags
#pprivate
#offs
#RX_PRECOMP RX_PRELEN
#paren_names
#substrs
#subbeg sublen saved_copy suboffset subcoffset
#RX_WRAPPED RX_WRAPLEN
#RX_REFCNT()

#HISTORY

#AUTHORS

#LICENSE

#perlreguts - Description of the Perl regular expression engine.

#DESCRIPTION

#OVERVIEW

#A quick note on terms
#What is a regular expression engine?
#Structure of a Regexp Program: regnode_1, regnode_2, regnode_string, regnode_charclass, regnode_charclass_posixl, "REGNODE_AFTER", "regnext"

#Process Overview

A. Compilation, 1. Parsing, 2. Peep-hole optimisation and analysis, B. Execution, 3. Start position and no-match optimisations, 4. Program execution

#Compilation: anchored fixed strings, floating fixed strings, minimum and maximum length requirements, start class, Beginning/End of line positions
#Execution

#MISCELLANEOUS

#Unicode and Localisation Support
#Base Structures: regstclass, data, code_blocks, proglen, name_list_idx, program

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#LICENCE

#REFERENCES

#perlclassguts - Internals of how `feature 'class'` and class syntax works

#DESCRIPTION

#DATA STORAGE

#Classes
#Fields
#Methods
#Instances

#API

#Class Manipulation
#Field Manipulation
#Method Manipulation
#Object Instances

#OPCODES

#OP_METHSTART
#OP_INITFIELD

#COMPILE-TIME BEHAVIOUR

#ADJUST Phasers
#Attributes
#Field Initializing Expressions

#RUNTIME BEHAVIOUR

#Constructor
#$self Access During Methods

#AUTHORS

#perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API

#DESCRIPTION

"AV Handling" in perlapi, "Callback Functions" in perlapi, "Casting" in perlapi, "Character case changing" in perlapi, "Character classification" in perlapi, "Compiler and Preprocessor information" in perlapi, "Compiler directives" in perlapi, "Compile-time scope hooks" in perlapi, "Concurrency" in perlapi, "COPs and Hint Hashes" in perlapi, "Custom Operators" in perlapi, "CV Handling" in perlapi, "Debugging" in perlapi, "Display functions" in perlapi, "Embedding, Threads, and Interpreter Cloning" in perlapi, "Errno" in perlapi, "Exception Handling (simple) Macros" in perlapi, "Filesystem configuration values" in perlapi, "Floating point" in perlapi, "General Configuration" in perlapi, "Global Variables" in perlapi, "GV Handling and Stashes" in perlapi, "Hook manipulation" in perlapi, "HV Handling" in perlapi, "Input/Output" in perlapi, "Integer" in perlapi, "I/O Formats" in perlapi, "Lexer interface" in perlapi, "Locales" in perlapi, "Magic" in perlapi, "Memory Management" in perlapi, "MRO" in perlapi, "Multicall Functions" in perlapi, "Numeric Functions" in perlapi, "Optrees" in perlapi, "Pack and Unpack" in perlapi, "Pad Data Structures" in perlapi, "Password and Group access" in perlapi, "Paths to system commands" in perlapi, "Prototype information" in perlapi, "Reference-counted stack manipulation" in perlapi, "REGEXP Functions" in perlapi, "Reports and Formats" in perlapi, "Signals" in perlapi, "Site configuration" in perlapi, "Sockets configuration values" in perlapi, "Source Filters" in perlapi, "Stack Manipulation Macros" in perlapi, "String Handling" in perlapi, "SV Flags" in perlapi, "SV Handling" in perlapi, "Tainting" in perlapi, "Time" in perlapi, "Typedef names" in perlapi, "Unicode Support" in perlapi, "Utility Functions" in perlapi, "Versioning" in perlapi, "Warning and Dieing" in perlapi, "XS" in perlapi, "Undocumented elements" in perlapi

#AV Handling

AV, AvALLOC, AvARRAY , av_clear , av_count , av_create_and_push , av_create_and_unshift_one , av_delete , av_exists , av_extend , av_fetch , AvFILL , av_fill , av_len , av_make , av_pop , av_push , av_push_simple , av_shift , av_store , av_tindex, av_top_index , av_undef , av_unshift , get_av , newAV, newAV_alloc_x, newAV_alloc_xz , newAV form, newAV_alloc_x form, newAV_alloc_xz form, newAVav , newAVhv , Nullav

#Callback Functions

call_argv , call_method , call_pv , call_sv , DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t, DESTRUCTORFUNC_t, ENTER , ENTER_with_name , eval_pv , eval_sv , FREETMPS , G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME , GIMME_V , G_KEEPERR, G_LIST, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, is_lvalue_sub , LEAVE , LEAVE_with_name , MORTALDESTRUCTOR_SV, mortal_destructor_sv , MORTALSVFUNC_X, PL_errgv, save_aelem, save_aelem_flags , save_aptr, save_ary, SAVEBOOL, SAVEDELETE, SAVEDESTRUCTOR, SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X, SAVEFREEOP, SAVEFREEPV, SAVEFREERCPV, SAVEFREESV, SAVEGENERICSV, save_hash, save_helem, save_helem_flags , save_hptr, SAVEINT, save_item, SAVEIV, SAVEI8, SAVEI16, SAVEI32, SAVELONG, SAVEMORTALIZESV, SAVEPPTR, SAVERCPV, save_scalar, SAVESPTR, SAVESTACK_POS, SAVESTRLEN, save_svref, SAVETMPS

#Casting

Atof , cBOOL , INT2PTR, I_V , I_32 , PTR2IV, PTR2nat, PTR2NV, PTR2ul, PTR2UV, PTRV, U_V , U_32

#Character case changing

toFOLD, toFOLD_A, toFOLD_utf8, toFOLD_utf8_safe, toFOLD_uvchr , toLOWER, toLOWER_A, toLOWER_LATIN1, toLOWER_LC, toLOWER_L1, toLOWER_utf8, toLOWER_utf8_safe, toLOWER_uvchr , toTITLE, toTITLE_A, toTITLE_utf8, toTITLE_utf8_safe, toTITLE_uvchr , toUPPER, toUPPER_A, toUPPER_utf8, toUPPER_utf8_safe, toUPPER_uvchr

#Character classification

isALNUM, isALNUM_A, isALNUM_LC, isALNUM_LC_uvchr , isALNUMC, isALNUMC_A, isALNUMC_LC, isALNUMC_LC_uvchr, isALNUMC_L1 , isALPHA, isALPHA_A, isALPHA_LC, isALPHA_LC_utf8_safe, isALPHA_LC_uvchr, isALPHA_L1, isALPHA_utf8, isALPHA_utf8_safe, isALPHA_uvchr , isALPHANUMERIC, isALPHANUMERIC_A, isALPHANUMERIC_LC, isALPHANUMERIC_LC_utf8_safe, isALPHANUMERIC_LC_uvchr, isALPHANUMERIC_L1, isALPHANUMERIC_utf8, isALPHANUMERIC_utf8_safe, isALPHANUMERIC_uvchr , isASCII, isASCII_A, isASCII_LC, isASCII_LC_utf8_safe, isASCII_LC_uvchr, isASCII_L1, isASCII_utf8, isASCII_utf8_safe, isASCII_uvchr , isBLANK, isBLANK_A, isBLANK_LC, isBLANK_LC_utf8_safe, isBLANK_LC_uvchr, isBLANK_L1, isBLANK_utf8, isBLANK_utf8_safe, isBLANK_uvchr , isCNTRL, isCNTRL_A, isCNTRL_LC, isCNTRL_LC_utf8_safe, isCNTRL_LC_uvchr, isCNTRL_L1, isCNTRL_utf8, isCNTRL_utf8_safe, isCNTRL_uvchr , isDIGIT, isDIGIT_A, isDIGIT_LC, isDIGIT_LC_utf8_safe, isDIGIT_LC_uvchr, isDIGIT_L1, isDIGIT_utf8, isDIGIT_utf8_safe, isDIGIT_uvchr , isGRAPH, isGRAPH_A, isGRAPH_LC, isGRAPH_LC_utf8_safe, isGRAPH_LC_uvchr, isGRAPH_L1, isGRAPH_utf8, isGRAPH_utf8_safe, isGRAPH_uvchr , isIDCONT, isIDCONT_A, isIDCONT_LC, isIDCONT_LC_utf8_safe, isIDCONT_LC_uvchr, isIDCONT_L1, isIDCONT_utf8, isIDCONT_utf8_safe, isIDCONT_uvchr , isIDFIRST, isIDFIRST_A, isIDFIRST_LC, isIDFIRST_LC_utf8_safe, isIDFIRST_LC_uvchr, isIDFIRST_L1, isIDFIRST_utf8, isIDFIRST_utf8_safe, isIDFIRST_uvchr , isLOWER, isLOWER_A, isLOWER_LC, isLOWER_LC_utf8_safe, isLOWER_LC_uvchr, isLOWER_L1, isLOWER_utf8, isLOWER_utf8_safe, isLOWER_uvchr , isOCTAL, isOCTAL_A, isOCTAL_L1 , isPRINT, isPRINT_A, isPRINT_LC, isPRINT_LC_utf8_safe, isPRINT_LC_uvchr, isPRINT_L1, isPRINT_utf8, isPRINT_utf8_safe, isPRINT_uvchr , isPSXSPC, isPSXSPC_A, isPSXSPC_LC, isPSXSPC_LC_utf8_safe, isPSXSPC_LC_uvchr, isPSXSPC_L1, isPSXSPC_utf8, isPSXSPC_utf8_safe, isPSXSPC_uvchr , isPUNCT, isPUNCT_A, isPUNCT_LC, isPUNCT_LC_utf8_safe, isPUNCT_LC_uvchr, isPUNCT_L1, isPUNCT_utf8, isPUNCT_utf8_safe, isPUNCT_uvchr , isSPACE, isSPACE_A, isSPACE_LC, isSPACE_LC_utf8_safe, isSPACE_LC_uvchr, isSPACE_L1, isSPACE_utf8, isSPACE_utf8_safe, isSPACE_uvchr , isUPPER, isUPPER_A, isUPPER_LC, isUPPER_LC_utf8_safe, isUPPER_LC_uvchr, isUPPER_L1, isUPPER_utf8, isUPPER_utf8_safe, isUPPER_uvchr , isWORDCHAR, isWORDCHAR_A, isWORDCHAR_LC, isWORDCHAR_LC_utf8_safe, isWORDCHAR_LC_uvchr, isWORDCHAR_L1, isWORDCHAR_utf8, isWORDCHAR_utf8_safe, isWORDCHAR_uvchr X <isWORDCHAR_uvchr>, isXDIGIT, isXDIGIT_A, isXDIGIT_LC, isXDIGIT_LC_utf8_safe, isXDIGIT_LC_uvchr, isXDIGIT_L1, isXDIGIT_utf8, isXDIGIT_utf8_safe, isXDIGIT_uvchr

#Compiler and Preprocessor information

CPPLAST , CPPMINUS , CPPRUN , CPPSTDIN , HASATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE , HASATTRIBUTE_DEPRECATED , HASATTRIBUTE_FORMAT , HASATTRIBUTE_NONNULL , HASATTRIBUTE_NORETURN , HASATTRIBUTE_PURE , HASATTRIBUTE_UNUSED , HASATTRIBUTE_VISIBILITY , HASATTRIBUTE_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT , HAS_BUILTIN_ADD_OVERFLOW , HAS_BUILTIN_CHOOSE_EXPR , HAS_BUILTIN_EXPECT , HAS_BUILTIN_MUL_OVERFLOW , HAS_BUILTIN_SUB_OVERFLOW , HAS_C99_VARIADIC_MACROS , HAS_STATIC_INLINE , MEM_ALIGNBYTES , PERL_STATIC_INLINE , PERL_THREAD_LOCAL , U32_ALIGNMENT_REQUIRED

#Compiler directives

__ASSERT_ , ASSUME , dNOOP , END_EXTERN_C , EXTERN_C , LIKELY , NOOP , PERL_UNUSED_ARG , PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT , PERL_UNUSED_DECL , PERL_UNUSED_RESULT , PERL_UNUSED_VAR , START_EXTERN_C , STATIC, STMT_END, STMT_START , UNLIKELY

#Compile-time scope hooks

BhkDISABLE , BhkENABLE , BhkENTRY_set , blockhook_register

#Concurrency

aTHX, aTHX_, CPERLscope , dTHR, dTHX, dTHXa , dTHXoa , dVAR , GETENV_PRESERVES_OTHER_THREAD , HAS_PTHREAD_ATFORK , HAS_PTHREAD_ATTR_SETSCOPE , HAS_PTHREAD_YIELD , HAS_SCHED_YIELD , I_MACH_CTHREADS , I_PTHREAD , MULTIPLICITY, OLD_PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE , OLD_PTHREADS_API , PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT, PERL_NO_GET_CONTEXT, pTHX, pTHX_, SCHED_YIELD

#COPs and Hint Hashes

cop_fetch_label , CopFILE , CopFILEAV , CopFILEAVn , CopFILE_copy , CopFILE_free , CopFILEGV , CopFILEGV_set , CopFILE_LEN , CopFILE_set , CopFILE_setn , CopFILESV , cophh_copy , cophh_delete_pv, cophh_delete_pvn, cophh_delete_pvs, cophh_delete_sv , cophh_exists_pvn , cophh_fetch_pv, cophh_fetch_pvn, cophh_fetch_pvs, cophh_fetch_sv , cophh_free , cophh_2hv , cophh_new_empty , cophh_store_pv, cophh_store_pvn, cophh_store_pvs, cophh_store_sv , cop_hints_exists_pv, cop_hints_exists_pvn, cop_hints_exists_pvs, cop_hints_exists_sv , cop_hints_fetch_pv, cop_hints_fetch_pvn, cop_hints_fetch_pvs, cop_hints_fetch_sv , cop_hints_2hv , CopLABEL, CopLABEL_len, CopLABEL_len_flags , CopLINE , CopSTASH , CopSTASH_eq , CopSTASHPV , CopSTASHPV_set , CopSTASH_set , cop_store_label , PERL_SI , PL_curcop , RCPV_LEN , RCPV_REFCNT_dec , RCPV_REFCNT_inc , RCPV_REFCOUNT , RCPVx

#Custom Operators

custom_op_register , Perl_custom_op_xop , XopDISABLE , XopENABLE , XopENTRY , XopENTRYCUSTOM , XopENTRY_set , XopFLAGS

#CV Handling

caller_cx , CvDEPTH , CvGV , CvSTASH , find_runcv , get_cv, get_cvn_flags, get_cvs , Nullcv

#Debugging

av_dump , deb, deb_nocontext , debstack , dump_all , dump_c_backtrace , dump_eval, dump_form , dump_packsubs , dump_sub, get_c_backtrace_dump , gv_dump , HAS_BACKTRACE , hv_dump , magic_dump , op_class , op_dump , PL_op, PL_runops, PL_sv_serial, pmop_dump , sv_dump , sv_dump_depth , vdeb

#Display functions

form, form_nocontext , mess, mess_nocontext , mess_sv , pv_display , pv_escape , pv_pretty , vform , vmess

#Embedding, Threads, and Interpreter Cloning

call_atexit , cv_clone , cv_name , cv_undef , find_rundefsv , get_op_descs , get_op_names , HAS_SKIP_LOCALE_INIT, intro_my , load_module, load_module_nocontext , my_exit , my_failure_exit , my_strlcat , my_strlcpy , newPADNAMELIST , newPADNAMEouter , newPADNAMEpvn , nothreadhook , pad_add_anon , pad_add_name_pv , pad_add_name_pvn , pad_add_name_sv , pad_alloc , pad_findmy_pv , pad_findmy_pvn , pad_findmy_sv , padnamelist_fetch , padnamelist_store , pad_tidy , perl_alloc , PERL_ASYNC_CHECK, perl_clone , perl_construct , perl_destruct , perl_free , PERL_GET_CONTEXT, PerlInterpreter, perl_parse , perl_run , PERL_SET_CONTEXT, PERL_SYS_INIT, PERL_SYS_INIT3 , PERL_SYS_TERM , PL_exit_flags , PERL_EXIT_DESTRUCT_END, PERL_EXIT_ABORT, PERL_EXIT_WARN, PERL_EXIT_EXPECTED, PL_origalen, PL_perl_destruct_level , 0 - none, 1 - full, 2 or greater - full with checks, ptr_table_fetch , ptr_table_free , ptr_table_new , ptr_table_split , ptr_table_store , require_pv , vload_module

#Errno

sv_string_from_errnum

#Exception Handling (simple) Macros

dXCPT , JMPENV_JUMP, JMPENV_PUSH, PL_restartop, XCPT_CATCH , XCPT_RETHROW , XCPT_TRY_END , XCPT_TRY_START

#Filesystem configuration values

DIRNAMLEN , DOSUID , EOF_NONBLOCK , FCNTL_CAN_LOCK , FFLUSH_ALL , FFLUSH_NULL , FILE_base , FILE_bufsiz , FILE_cnt , FILE_ptr , FLEXFILENAMES , HAS_DIR_DD_FD , HAS_DUP2 , HAS_DUP3 , HAS_FAST_STDIO , HAS_FCHDIR , HAS_FCNTL , HAS_FDCLOSE , HAS_FPATHCONF , HAS_FPOS64_T , HAS_FSTATFS , HAS_FSTATVFS , HAS_GETFSSTAT , HAS_GETMNT , HAS_GETMNTENT , HAS_HASMNTOPT , HAS_LSEEK_PROTO , HAS_MKDIR , HAS_OFF64_T , HAS_OPENAT , HAS_OPEN3 , HAS_POLL , HAS_READDIR , HAS_READDIR64_R , HAS_REWINDDIR , HAS_RMDIR , HAS_SEEKDIR , HAS_SELECT , HAS_SETVBUF , HAS_STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY , HAS_STRUCT_FS_DATA , HAS_STRUCT_STATFS , HAS_STRUCT_STATFS_F_FLAGS , HAS_TELLDIR , HAS_USTAT , I_FCNTL , I_SYS_DIR , I_SYS_FILE , I_SYS_NDIR , I_SYS_STATFS , LSEEKSIZE , RD_NODATA , READDIR64_R_PROTO , STDCHAR , STDIO_CNT_LVALUE , STDIO_PTR_LVAL_NOCHANGE_CNT , STDIO_PTR_LVAL_SETS_CNT , STDIO_PTR_LVALUE , STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY , ST_INO_SIGN , ST_INO_SIZE , VAL_EAGAIN , VAL_O_NONBLOCK , VOID_CLOSEDIR

#Floating point

CASTFLAGS , CASTNEGFLOAT , DOUBLE_HAS_INF , DOUBLE_HAS_NAN , DOUBLE_HAS_NEGATIVE_ZERO , DOUBLE_HAS_SUBNORMALS , DOUBLEINFBYTES , DOUBLEKIND , DOUBLEMANTBITS , DOUBLENANBYTES , DOUBLESIZE , DOUBLE_STYLE_CRAY , DOUBLE_STYLE_IBM , DOUBLE_STYLE_IEEE , DOUBLE_STYLE_VAX , HAS_ATOLF , HAS_CLASS , HAS_FINITE , HAS_FINITEL , HAS_FPCLASS , HAS_FP_CLASS , HAS_FPCLASSIFY , HAS_FP_CLASSIFY , HAS_FPCLASSL , HAS_FP_CLASSL , HAS_FPGETROUND , HAS_FREXPL , HAS_ILOGB , HAS_ISFINITE , HAS_ISFINITEL , HAS_ISINF , HAS_ISINFL , HAS_ISNAN , HAS_ISNANL , HAS_ISNORMAL , HAS_J0L , HAS_J0 , HAS_LDBL_DIG , HAS_LDEXPL , HAS_LLRINT , HAS_LLRINTL , HAS_LLROUNDL , HAS_LONG_DOUBLE , HAS_LRINT , HAS_LRINTL , HAS_LROUNDL , HAS_MODFL , HAS_NAN , HAS_NEXTTOWARD , HAS_REMAINDER , HAS_SCALBN , HAS_SIGNBIT , HAS_SQRTL , HAS_STRTOD_L , HAS_STRTOLD , HAS_STRTOLD_L , HAS_TRUNC , HAS_UNORDERED , I_FENV , I_QUADMATH , LONGDBLINFBYTES , LONGDBLMANTBITS , LONGDBLNANBYTES , LONG_DOUBLEKIND , LONG_DOUBLESIZE , LONG_DOUBLE_STYLE_IEEE , LONG_DOUBLE_STYLE_IEEE_DOUBLEDOUBLE , LONG_DOUBLE_STYLE_IEEE_EXTENDED , LONG_DOUBLE_STYLE_IEEE_STD , LONG_DOUBLE_STYLE_VAX , NV, NVMANTBITS , NV_OVERFLOWS_INTEGERS_AT , NV_PRESERVES_UV , NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS , NVSIZE , NVTYPE , NV_ZERO_IS_ALLBITS_ZERO

#General Configuration

ASCIIish , BYTEORDER , CHARBITS , DB_VERSION_MAJOR_CFG , DB_VERSION_MINOR_CFG , DB_VERSION_PATCH_CFG , DEFAULT_INC_EXCLUDES_DOT , DLSYM_NEEDS_UNDERSCORE , EBCDIC , HAS_CSH , HAS_GETHOSTNAME , HAS_GNULIBC , HAS_LGAMMA , HAS_LGAMMA_R , HAS_NON_INT_BITFIELDS , HAS_PRCTL_SET_NAME , HAS_PROCSELFEXE , HAS_PSEUDOFORK , HAS_REGCOMP , HAS_SETPGID , HAS_SIGSETJMP , HAS_STRUCT_CMSGHDR , HAS_STRUCT_MSGHDR , HAS_TGAMMA , HAS_UNAME , HAS_UNION_SEMUN , I_DIRENT , I_POLL , I_SYS_RESOURCE , LIBM_LIB_VERSION , NEED_VA_COPY, OSNAME , OSVERS , PERL_USE_GCC_BRACE_GROUPS , PHOSTNAME , PROCSELFEXE_PATH , PTRSIZE , RANDBITS , SELECT_MIN_BITS , SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW , ST_DEV_SIGN , ST_DEV_SIZE

#List of capability HAS_foo symbols
#List of #include needed symbols

#Global Variables

PL_check , PL_infix_plugin , PL_keyword_plugin , PL_phase

#GV Handling and Stashes

amagic_call , AMGf_noleft, AMGf_noright, AMGf_unary, AMGf_assign, amagic_deref_call , gv_add_by_type , Gv_AMupdate , 1 on success and there is some overload, 0 if there is no overload, -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak (because destructing is true), gv_autoload_pv, gv_autoload_pvn, gv_autoload_sv , gv_autoload4 , GvAV , gv_AVadd, gv_HVadd, gv_IOadd, gv_SVadd , gv_const_sv , GvCV , gv_efullname3, gv_efullname4, gv_fullname3, gv_fullname4 , gv_fetchfile, gv_fetchfile_flags , gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmeth_pv, gv_fetchmeth_pvn, gv_fetchmeth_sv , gv_fetchmeth_autoload , gv_fetchmethod , gv_fetchmethod_autoload , gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload , gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload , gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload , gv_fetchpv, gv_fetchpvn, gv_fetchpvn_flags, gv_fetchpvs, gv_fetchsv, gv_fetchsv_nomg X <gv_fetchsv_nomg>, GvHV , gv_init , gv_init_pv , gv_init_pvn , gv_init_sv , gv_name_set , gv_stashpv , gv_stashpvn , gv_stashpvs , gv_stashsv , GvSV , GvSVn , newGVgen, newGVgen_flags , PL_curstash , PL_defgv , PL_defoutgv , PL_defstash, save_gp , setdefout

#Hook manipulation

rcpv_copy , rcpv_free , rcpv_new , wrap_op_checker

#HV Handling

get_hv , HE, HEf_SVKEY , HeHASH , HeKEY , HeKLEN , HePV , HeSVKEY , HeSVKEY_force , HeSVKEY_set , HeUTF8 , HeVAL , HV, hv_assert , hv_bucket_ratio , hv_clear , hv_clear_placeholders , hv_copy_hints_hv , hv_delete , hv_delete_ent , HvENAME , HvENAMELEN , HvENAMEUTF8 , hv_exists , hv_exists_ent , hv_fetch , hv_fetch_ent , hv_fetchs , HvFILL , HvHasAUX , hv_iterinit , hv_iterkey , hv_iterkeysv , hv_iternext , hv_iternext_flags , hv_iternextsv , hv_iterval , hv_ksplit , hv_magic , HvNAME , HvNAMELEN , hv_name_set, hv_name_sets , HvNAMEUTF8 , hv_scalar , hv_store, hv_stores , hv_store_ent , hv_undef , newHV , newHVhv , Nullhv , PERL_HASH, PL_modglobal

#Input/Output

do_close , IoDIRP, IOf_FLUSH, IoFLAGS, IOf_UNTAINT, IoIFP, IoOFP, IoTYPE, my_chsize , my_dirfd , my_pclose , my_popen , newIO , PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD , PerlIO_apply_layers, PerlIO_binmode, PerlIO_canset_cnt, PerlIO_clearerr, PerlIO_close, PerlIO_debug, PerlIO_eof, PerlIO_error, PerlIO_exportFILE, PerlIO_fast_gets, PerlIO_fdopen, PerlIO_fileno, PerlIO_fill, PerlIO_findFILE, PerlIO_flush, PerlIO_get_base, PerlIO_get_bufsiz, PerlIO_get_cnt, PerlIO_get_ptr, PerlIO_getc, PerlIO_getpos, PerlIO_has_base, PerlIO_has_cntptr, PerlIO_importFILE, PerlIO_open, PerlIO_printf, PerlIO_putc, PerlIO_puts, PerlIO_read, PerlIO_releaseFILE, PerlIO_reopen, PerlIO_rewind, PerlIO_seek, PerlIO_set_cnt, PerlIO_set_ptrcnt, PerlIO_setlinebuf, PerlIO_setpos, PerlIO_stderr, PerlIO_stdin, PerlIO_stdout, PerlIO_stdoutf, PerlIO_tell, PerlIO_ungetc, PerlIO_unread, PerlIO_vprintf, PerlIO_write, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_ERROR, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_FUNCS_CAST , PERLIO_FUNCS_DECL , PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_NOT_STDIO, PL_maxsysfd, repeatcpy , USE_STDIO

#Integer

CASTI32 , HAS_INT64_T , HAS_LONG_LONG , HAS_QUAD , I32df , INT16_C, INT32_C, INT64_C , INTMAX_C , INTSIZE , I8SIZE , I16SIZE , I32SIZE , I64SIZE , I8TYPE , I16TYPE , I32TYPE , I64TYPE , IV, I8, I16, I32, I64, IV_MAX , IV_MIN , IVSIZE , IVTYPE , line_t , LONGLONGSIZE , LONGSIZE , memzero , PERL_INT_FAST8_T, PERL_INT_FAST16_T, PERL_UINT_FAST8_T, PERL_UINT_FAST16_T , PERL_INT_MAX, PERL_INT_MIN, PERL_LONG_MAX, PERL_LONG_MIN, PERL_QUAD_MAX, PERL_QUAD_MIN, PERL_SHORT_MAX, PERL_SHORT_MIN, PERL_UCHAR_MAX, PERL_UCHAR_MIN, PERL_UINT_MAX, PERL_UINT_MIN, PERL_ULONG_MAX, PERL_ULONG_MIN, PERL_UQUAD_MAX, PERL_UQUAD_MIN, PERL_USHORT_MAX, PERL_USHORT_MIN , SHORTSIZE , UINT16_C, UINT32_C, UINT64_C , UINTMAX_C , U32of , U8SIZE , U16SIZE , U32SIZE , U64SIZE , U8TYPE , U16TYPE , U32TYPE , U64TYPE , U32uf , UV, U8, U16, U32, U64, UV_MAX , UV_MIN , UVSIZE , UVTYPE , U32Xf , U32xf , WIDEST_UTYPE

#I/O Formats

HvNAMEf, HvNAMEf_QUOTEDPREFIX, IVdf , NVef , NVff , NVgf , PERL_PRIeldbl , PERL_PRIfldbl , PERL_PRIgldbl , PERL_SCNfldbl , PRINTF_FORMAT_NULL_OK , SVf, SVfARG, SVf_QUOTEDPREFIX, UTF8f, UTF8fARG, UTF8f_QUOTEDPREFIX, UVf , UVof , UVuf , UVXf , UVxf

#Lexer interface

BHK, lex_bufutf8 , lex_discard_to , lex_grow_linestr , lex_next_chunk , lex_peek_unichar , lex_read_space , lex_read_to , lex_read_unichar , lex_start , lex_stuff_pv , lex_stuff_pvn , lex_stuff_pvs , lex_stuff_sv , lex_unstuff , parse_arithexpr , parse_barestmt , parse_block , parse_fullexpr , parse_fullstmt , parse_label , parse_listexpr , parse_stmtseq , parse_subsignature , parse_termexpr , PL_parser , PL_parser->bufend , PL_parser->bufptr , PL_parser->linestart , PL_parser->linestr , suspend_compcv , wrap_infix_plugin , wrap_keyword_plugin

#Locales

DECLARATION_FOR_LC_NUMERIC_MANIPULATION , foldEQ_locale , HAS_DUPLOCALE , HAS_FREELOCALE , HAS_LC_MONETARY_2008 , HAS_LOCALECONV , HAS_LOCALECONV_L , HAS_NEWLOCALE , HAS_NL_LANGINFO , HAS_NL_LANGINFO_L , HAS_QUERYLOCALE , HAS_SETLOCALE , HAS_SETLOCALE_R , HAS_USELOCALE , I_LANGINFO , I_LOCALE , IN_LOCALE , IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME , IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME , I_XLOCALE , NEED_XLOCALE_H , Perl_langinfo, Perl_langinfo8 , a, b, c, d, e, PERL_LC_ALL_CATEGORY_POSITIONS_INIT , PERL_LC_ALL_SEPARATOR , PERL_LC_ALL_USES_NAME_VALUE_PAIRS , Perl_localeconv , Perl_setlocale , RESTORE_LC_NUMERIC , SETLOCALE_ACCEPTS_ANY_LOCALE_NAME , STORE_LC_NUMERIC_FORCE_TO_UNDERLYING , STORE_LC_NUMERIC_SET_TO_NEEDED , STORE_LC_NUMERIC_SET_TO_NEEDED_IN , WITH_LC_NUMERIC_SET_TO_NEEDED , WITH_LC_NUMERIC_SET_TO_NEEDED_IN

#Magic

mg_clear , mg_copy , MGf_COPY, MGf_DUP, MGf_LOCAL, mg_find , mg_findext , mg_free , mg_freeext , mg_free_type , mg_get , mg_magical , mg_set , MGVTBL, PERL_MAGIC_arylen, PERL_MAGIC_arylen_p, PERL_MAGIC_backref, PERL_MAGIC_bm, PERL_MAGIC_checkcall, PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile, PERL_MAGIC_dbline, PERL_MAGIC_debugvar, PERL_MAGIC_defelem, PERL_MAGIC_destruct, PERL_MAGIC_env, PERL_MAGIC_envelem, PERL_MAGIC_ext, PERL_MAGIC_extvalue, PERL_MAGIC_fm, PERL_MAGIC_hints, PERL_MAGIC_hintselem, PERL_MAGIC_hook, PERL_MAGIC_hookelem, PERL_MAGIC_isa, PERL_MAGIC_isaelem, PERL_MAGIC_lvref, PERL_MAGIC_nkeys, PERL_MAGIC_nonelem, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table, PERL_MAGIC_pos, PERL_MAGIC_qr, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, PERL_MAGIC_regdatum, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global, PERL_MAGIC_rhash, PERL_MAGIC_shared, PERL_MAGIC_shared_scalar, PERL_MAGIC_sig, PERL_MAGIC_sigelem, PERL_MAGIC_substr, PERL_MAGIC_sv, PERL_MAGIC_symtab, PERL_MAGIC_taint, PERL_MAGIC_tied, PERL_MAGIC_tiedelem, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar, PERL_MAGIC_utf8, PERL_MAGIC_uvar, PERL_MAGIC_uvar_elem, PERL_MAGIC_vec, PERL_MAGIC_vstring, SvTIED_obj

#Memory Management

dump_mstats , HASATTRIBUTE_MALLOC , HAS_MALLOC_GOOD_SIZE , HAS_MALLOC_SIZE , I_MALLOCMALLOC , MYMALLOC , Newx, safemalloc , Newxc , Newxz, safecalloc , PERL_MALLOC_WRAP , Renew, saferealloc , Renewc , Safefree , safesyscalloc , safesysfree , safesysmalloc , safesysrealloc

#MRO

HvMROMETA, mro_get_from_name , mro_get_linear_isa , MRO_GET_PRIVATE_DATA, mro_method_changed_in , mro_register , mro_set_mro , mro_set_private_data

#Multicall Functions

dMULTICALL , MULTICALL , POP_MULTICALL , PUSH_MULTICALL

#Numeric Functions

Atol, Atoul, Drand01 , Gconvert , grok_atoUV , grok_bin , grok_hex , grok_infnan , grok_number , grok_number_flags , GROK_NUMERIC_RADIX , grok_numeric_radix , grok_oct , isinfnan , my_atof , my_strtod , PERL_ABS , Perl_acos, Perl_asin, Perl_atan, Perl_atan2, Perl_ceil, Perl_cos, Perl_cosh, Perl_exp, Perl_floor, Perl_fmod, Perl_frexp, Perl_isfinite, Perl_isinf, Perl_isnan, Perl_ldexp, Perl_log, Perl_log10, Perl_modf, Perl_pow, Perl_sin, Perl_sinh, Perl_sqrt, Perl_tan, Perl_tanh X <Perl_isinf>X <Perl_pow>, Perl_signbit , PL_hexdigit , READ_XDIGIT , scan_bin , scan_hex , scan_oct , seedDrand01 , Strtod , Strtol , Strtoul

#Optrees

alloccopstash , BINOP, block_end , block_start , ck_entersub_args_list , ck_entersub_args_proto , ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list , cv_const_sv , cv_get_call_checker , cv_get_call_checker_flags , cv_set_call_checker , cv_set_call_checker_flags , finalize_optree , forbid_outofblock_ops , LINKLIST , LISTOP, LOGOP, LOOP, newANONATTRSUB , newANONHASH , newANONLIST , newANONSUB , newARGDEFELEMOP , newASSIGNOP , newATTRSUB , newAVREF , newBINOP , newCONDOP , newCONSTSUB, newCONSTSUB_flags , newCVREF , newDEFEROP , newDEFSVOP , newFOROP , newGIVENOP , newGVOP , newGVREF , newHVREF , newLISTOP , newLISTOPn , newLOGOP , newLOOPEX , newLOOPOP , newMETHOP , newMETHOP_named , newNULLLIST , newOP , newPADOP , newPMOP , newPVOP , newRANGE , newSLICEOP , newSTATEOP , newSUB , newSVOP , newSVREF , newTRYCATCHOP , newUNOP , newUNOP_AUX , newWHENOP , newWHILEOP , newXS , OA_BASEOP, OA_BINOP, OA_COP, OA_LISTOP, OA_LOGOP, OA_LOOP, OA_PADOP, OA_PMOP, OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP, OA_SVOP, OA_UNOP, OP, op_append_elem , op_append_list , OP_CLASS , op_contextualize , op_convert_list , OP_DESC , op_force_list , op_free , OpHAS_SIBLING , OpLASTSIB_set , op_linklist , op_lvalue , OpMAYBESIB_set , OpMORESIB_set , OP_NAME , op_null , op_parent , op_prepend_elem , op_scope , OpSIBLING , op_sibling_splice , optimize_optree , OP_TYPE_IS , OP_TYPE_IS_OR_WAS , op_wrap_finally , peep_t, Perl_cpeep_t, PL_opfreehook , PL_peepp , PL_rpeepp , PMOP, rv2cv_op_cv , UNOP, XOP

#Pack and Unpack

packlist , unpackstring

#Pad Data Structures

CvPADLIST , pad_add_name_pvs , PadARRAY , pad_findmy_pvs , PadlistARRAY , PadlistMAX , PadlistNAMES , PadlistNAMESARRAY , PadlistNAMESMAX , PadlistREFCNT , PadMAX , PadnameLEN , PadnamelistARRAY , PadnamelistMAX , PadnamelistREFCNT , PadnamelistREFCNT_dec , PadnamePV , PadnameREFCNT , PadnameREFCNT_dec , PadnameREFCNT_inc , PadnameSV , PadnameUTF8 , pad_new , PL_comppad , PL_comppad_name , PL_curpad , SVs_PADMY, SVs_PADTMP

#Password and Group access

GRPASSWD , HAS_ENDGRENT , HAS_ENDGRENT_R , HAS_ENDPWENT , HAS_ENDPWENT_R , HAS_GETGRENT , HAS_GETGRENT_R , HAS_GETPWENT , HAS_GETPWENT_R , HAS_SETGRENT , HAS_SETGRENT_R , HAS_SETPWENT , HAS_SETPWENT_R , PWAGE , PWCHANGE , PWCLASS , PWCOMMENT , PWEXPIRE , PWGECOS , PWPASSWD , PWQUOTA

#Paths to system commands

CSH , LOC_SED , SH_PATH

#Prototype information

CRYPT_R_PROTO , CTERMID_R_PROTO , DRAND48_R_PROTO , ENDGRENT_R_PROTO , ENDHOSTENT_R_PROTO , ENDNETENT_R_PROTO , ENDPROTOENT_R_PROTO , ENDPWENT_R_PROTO , ENDSERVENT_R_PROTO , GDBMNDBM_H_USES_PROTOTYPES , GDBM_NDBM_H_USES_PROTOTYPES , GETGRENT_R_PROTO , GETGRGID_R_PROTO , GETGRNAM_R_PROTO , GETHOSTBYADDR_R_PROTO , GETHOSTBYNAME_R_PROTO , GETHOSTENT_R_PROTO , GETLOGIN_R_PROTO , GETNETBYADDR_R_PROTO , GETNETBYNAME_R_PROTO , GETNETENT_R_PROTO , GETPROTOBYNAME_R_PROTO , GETPROTOBYNUMBER_R_PROTO , GETPROTOENT_R_PROTO , GETPWENT_R_PROTO , GETPWNAM_R_PROTO , GETPWUID_R_PROTO , GETSERVBYNAME_R_PROTO , GETSERVBYPORT_R_PROTO , GETSERVENT_R_PROTO , GETSPNAM_R_PROTO , HAS_DBMINIT_PROTO , HAS_DRAND48_PROTO , HAS_FLOCK_PROTO , HAS_GETHOST_PROTOS , HAS_GETNET_PROTOS , HAS_GETPROTO_PROTOS , HAS_GETSERV_PROTOS , HAS_MODFL_PROTO , HAS_SBRK_PROTO , HAS_SETRESGID_PROTO , HAS_SETRESUID_PROTO , HAS_SHMAT_PROTOTYPE , HAS_SOCKATMARK_PROTO , HAS_SYSCALL_PROTO , HAS_TELLDIR_PROTO , NDBM_H_USES_PROTOTYPES , RANDOM_R_PROTO , READDIR_R_PROTO , SETGRENT_R_PROTO , SETHOSTENT_R_PROTO , SETLOCALE_R_PROTO , SETNETENT_R_PROTO , SETPROTOENT_R_PROTO , SETPWENT_R_PROTO , SETSERVENT_R_PROTO , SRANDOM_R_PROTO , SRAND48_R_PROTO , STRERROR_R_PROTO , TMPNAM_R_PROTO , TTYNAME_R_PROTO

#Reference-counted stack manipulation

rpp_context , rpp_extend , rpp_invoke_xs , rpp_is_lone , rpp_popfree_1_NN , rpp_popfree_2_NN , rpp_popfree_to , rpp_popfree_to_NN , rpp_popfree_1 , rpp_popfree_2 , rpp_pop_1_norc , rpp_push_1_norc , rpp_push_1, rpp_push_2, rpp_xpush_1, rpp_xpush_2 , rpp_replace_at , rpp_replace_at_NN , rpp_replace_at_norc , rpp_replace_at_norc_NN , rpp_replace_1_1_NN , rpp_replace_2_1_NN , rpp_replace_1_1 , rpp_replace_2_1 , rpp_stack_is_rc , rpp_try_AMAGIC_1, rpp_try_AMAGIC_2 , XSPP_wrapped

#REGEXP Functions

pregcomp, pregexec, re_compile , re_dup_guts , REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET, REGEXP, regexp_engine , regexp_paren_pair, regmatch_info , REXEC_COPY_SKIP_POST, REXEC_COPY_SKIP_PRE, REXEC_COPY_STR, RXapif_ALL, RXapif_CLEAR, RXapif_DELETE, RXapif_EXISTS, RXapif_FETCH, RXapif_FIRSTKEY, RXapif_NEXTKEY, RXapif_ONE, RXapif_REGNAME, RXapif_REGNAMES, RXapif_REGNAMES_COUNT, RXapif_SCALAR, RXapif_STORE, RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH, RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH, RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH, RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH, RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH, RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH, RXf_NO_INPLACE_SUBST, RXf_NULL, RXf_SKIPWHITE, RXf_SPLIT, RXf_START_ONLY, RXf_WHITE, RXf_PMf_EXTENDED, RXf_PMf_FOLD, RXf_PMf_KEEPCOPY, RXf_PMf_MULTILINE, RXf_PMf_SINGLELINE, RX_MATCH_COPIED, struct regexp, SvRX , SvRXOK , SV_SAVED_COPY

#Reports and Formats

IoBOTTOM_GV, IoBOTTOM_NAME, IoFMT_GV, IoFMT_NAME, IoLINES, IoLINES_LEFT, IoPAGE, IoPAGE_LEN, IoTOP_GV, IoTOP_NAME

#Signals

HAS_SIGINFO_SI_ADDR , HAS_SIGINFO_SI_BAND , HAS_SIGINFO_SI_ERRNO , HAS_SIGINFO_SI_PID , HAS_SIGINFO_SI_STATUS , HAS_SIGINFO_SI_UID , HAS_SIGINFO_SI_VALUE , PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG , rsignal , rsignal_state , Sigjmp_buf , Siglongjmp , SIG_NAME , SIG_NUM , Sigsetjmp , SIG_SIZE , whichsig, whichsig_pv, whichsig_pvn, whichsig_sv

#Site configuration

ARCHLIB , ARCHLIB_EXP , ARCHNAME , BIN , BIN_EXP , INSTALL_USR_BIN_PERL , MULTIARCH , PERL_INC_VERSION_LIST , PERL_OTHERLIBDIRS , PERL_RELOCATABLE_INC , PERL_TARGETARCH , PERL_USE_DEVEL , PERL_VENDORARCH , PERL_VENDORARCH_EXP , PERL_VENDORLIB_EXP , PERL_VENDORLIB_STEM , PRIVLIB , PRIVLIB_EXP , SITEARCH , SITEARCH_EXP , SITELIB , SITELIB_EXP , SITELIB_STEM , STARTPERL , USE_64_BIT_ALL , USE_64_BIT_INT , USE_BSD_GETPGRP , USE_BSD_SETPGRP , USE_C_BACKTRACE , USE_CPLUSPLUS , USE_CROSS_COMPILE , USE_DTRACE , USE_DYNAMIC_LOADING , USE_FAST_STDIO , USE_ITHREADS , USE_KERN_PROC_PATHNAME , USE_LARGE_FILES , USE_LONG_DOUBLE , USE_MORE_BITS , USE_NSGETEXECUTABLEPATH , USE_PERLIO , USE_QUADMATH , USE_REENTRANT_API , USE_SEMCTL_SEMID_DS , USE_SEMCTL_SEMUN , USE_SITECUSTOMIZE , USE_SOCKS , USE_STAT_BLOCKS , USE_STDIO_BASE , USE_STDIO_PTR , USE_STRICT_BY_DEFAULT , USE_THREADS

#Sockets configuration values

HAS_SOCKADDR_IN6 , HAS_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN , HAS_SOCKADDR_STORAGE , HAS_SOCKATMARK , HAS_SOCKET , HAS_SOCKETPAIR , HAS_SOCKS5_INIT , I_SOCKS , I_SYS_SOCKIO

#Source Filters

apply_builtin_cv_attributes , filter_add, filter_del , filter_read, scan_vstring , start_subparse

#Stack Manipulation Macros

dMARK , dORIGMARK , dSP , dTARGET , EXTEND , MARK , mPUSHi , mPUSHn , mPUSHp , mPUSHpvs , mPUSHs , mPUSHu , mXPUSHi , mXPUSHn , mXPUSHp , mXPUSHpvs , mXPUSHs , mXPUSHu , newXSproto , ORIGMARK , PL_markstack, PL_markstack_ptr, PL_savestack, PL_savestack_ix, PL_scopestack, PL_scopestack_ix, PL_scopestack_name, PL_stack_base, PL_stack_sp, PL_tmps_floor, PL_tmps_ix, PL_tmps_stack, POPi , POPl , POPn , POPp , POPpbytex , POPpx , POPs , POPu , POPul , PUSHi , PUSHMARK , PUSHmortal , PUSHn , PUSHp , PUSHpvs , PUSHs , PUSHu , PUTBACK , SAVEt_INT, SP , SPAGAIN , SSNEW, SSNEWa, SSNEWat, SSNEWt , SSPTR, SSPTRt , TARG , TOPs, XPUSHi , XPUSHmortal , XPUSHn , XPUSHp , XPUSHpvs , XPUSHs , XPUSHu , XS_APIVERSION_BOOTCHECK , XSRETURN , XSRETURN_EMPTY , XSRETURN_IV , XSRETURN_NO , XSRETURN_NV , XSRETURN_PV , XSRETURN_UNDEF , XSRETURN_UV , XSRETURN_YES , XST_mIV , XST_mNO , XST_mNV , XST_mPV , XST_mUNDEF , XST_mUV , XST_mYES , XS_VERSION , XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK

#String Handling

CAT2 , Copy, CopyD , delimcpy , do_join , do_sprintf , fbm_compile , fbm_instr , foldEQ , ibcmp , ibcmp_locale , ibcmp_utf8 , instr , memCHRs , memEQ , memEQs , memNE , memNEs , Move, MoveD , my_snprintf , my_sprintf , my_strnlen , my_vsnprintf , NewCopy , ninstr , Nullch , PL_na , rninstr , savepv , savepvn , savepvs , savesharedpv , savesharedpvn , savesharedpvs , savesharedsvpv , savesvpv , strEQ , strGE , strGT , STRINGIFY , strLE , STRLEN, strLT , strNE , strnEQ , strnNE , STR_WITH_LEN , Zero, ZeroD

#SV Flags

SVt_IV , SVt_NULL , SVt_NV , SVt_PV , SVt_PVAV , SVt_PVCV , SVt_PVFM , SVt_PVGV , SVt_PVHV , SVt_PVIO , SVt_PVIV , SVt_PVLV , SVt_PVMG , SVt_PVNV , SVt_PVOBJ , SVt_REGEXP , svtype

#SV Handling

AV_FROM_REF, CV_FROM_REF, HV_FROM_REF , BOOL_INTERNALS_sv_isbool , BOOL_INTERNALS_sv_isbool_false , BOOL_INTERNALS_sv_isbool_true , boolSV , croak_xs_usage , DEFSV , DEFSV_set , get_sv , isGV_with_GP , looks_like_number , MUTABLE_AV, MUTABLE_CV, MUTABLE_GV, MUTABLE_HV, MUTABLE_IO, MUTABLE_PTR, MUTABLE_SV , newRV, newRV_inc , newRV_noinc , newSV , newSVbool , newSV_false , newSVhek , newSVhek_mortal , newSViv , newSVnv , newSVpadname , newSVpv , newSVpvf , newSVpvf_nocontext , newSVpvn , newSVpvn_flags , newSVpvn_share , newSVpvn_utf8 , newSVpvs , newSVpvs_flags , newSVpv_share , newSVpvs_share , newSVrv , newSVsv, newSVsv_flags, newSVsv_nomg , newSV_true , newSV_type , newSV_type_mortal , newSVuv , Nullsv , PL_sv_no , PL_sv_undef , PL_sv_yes , PL_sv_zero , SAVE_DEFSV , sortsv , sortsv_flags , SV, SvAMAGIC , SvAMAGIC_off , SvAMAGIC_on , sv_backoff , sv_bless , SvBoolFlagsOK , sv_catpv, sv_catpv_flags, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catpv_nomg , sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvf_mg_nocontext, sv_catpvf_nocontext , sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvn_nomg , sv_catpvs , sv_catpvs_flags , sv_catpvs_mg , sv_catpvs_nomg , sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_catsv_nomg , SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST , SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP , sv_chop , sv_clear , sv_cmp , sv_cmp_flags , sv_cmp_locale , sv_cmp_locale_flags , sv_collxfrm , sv_collxfrm_flags , sv_copypv, sv_copypv_flags, sv_copypv_nomg , SvCUR , SvCUR_set , sv_2cv , sv_dec, sv_dec_nomg , sv_derived_from , sv_derived_from_hv , sv_derived_from_pv , sv_derived_from_pvn , sv_derived_from_sv , sv_does , sv_does_pv , sv_does_pvn , sv_does_sv , SvEND , sv_eq, sv_eq_flags , sv_force_normal , sv_force_normal_flags , sv_free , SvGAMAGIC , sv_get_backrefs , SvGETMAGIC , sv_gets , SvGROW , SvIandPOK , SvIandPOK_off , SvIandPOK_on , sv_inc, sv_inc_nomg , sv_insert , sv_insert_flags , sv_2io , SvIOK , SvIOK_notUV , SvIOK_off , SvIOK_on , SvIOK_only , SvIOK_only_UV , SvIOKp , SvIOK_UV , sv_isa , sv_isa_sv , SvIsBOOL , SvIsCOW , SvIsCOW_shared_hash , sv_isobject , SvIV, SvIV_nomg, SvIVx , sv_2iv_flags , SvIV_set , SvIVX , SvLEN , sv_len , SvLEN_set , sv_len_utf8, sv_len_utf8_nomg , SvLOCK , sv_magic , sv_magicext , SvMAGIC_set , sv_2mortal , sv_mortalcopy , sv_mortalcopy_flags , sv_newmortal , SvNIOK , SvNIOK_off , SvNIOKp , SvNOK , SvNOK_off , SvNOK_on , SvNOK_only , SvNOKp , sv_nolocking , sv_nounlocking , sv_numeq , sv_numeq_flags , SvNV, SvNV_nomg, SvNVx , sv_2nv_flags , SvNV_set , SvNVX , SvOK , SvOOK , SvOOK_off , SvOOK_offset , SvPOK , SvPOK_off , SvPOK_on , SvPOK_only , SvPOK_only_UTF8 , SvPOKp , sv_pos_b2u , sv_pos_b2u_flags , sv_pos_u2b , sv_pos_u2b_flags , SvPV, SvPV_const, SvPV_flags, SvPV_flags_const, SvPV_flags_mutable, SvPV_mutable, SvPV_nolen, SvPV_nolen_const, SvPV_nomg, SvPV_nomg_const, SvPV_nomg_const_nolen, SvPV_nomg_nolen, SvPVbyte, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVbyte_nomg, SvPVbyte_or_null, SvPVbyte_or_null_nomg, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVutf8_nomg, SvPVutf8_or_null, SvPVutf8_or_null_nomg, SvPVutf8x, SvPVx, SvPVx_const, SvPVx_nolen, SvPVx_nolen_const , sv_2pv, sv_2pv_flags , sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_flags , SvPVCLEAR , SvPVCLEAR_FRESH , SvPV_force, SvPV_force_flags, SvPV_force_flags_mutable, SvPV_force_flags_nolen, SvPV_force_mutable, SvPV_force_nolen, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_force_nomg_nolen, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVx_force , SvPV_free , sv_pvn_force_flags , SvPV_renew , SvPV_set , SvPV_shrink_to_cur , sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_flags , SvPVX, SvPVX_const, SvPVX_mutable, SvPVXx , SvPVXtrue , SvREADONLY , SvREADONLY_off , SvREADONLY_on , sv_ref , SvREFCNT , SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_dec_set_NULL, SvREFCNT_dec_ret_NULL, SvREFCNT_dec_NN , SvREFCNT_inc, SvREFCNT_inc_NN, SvREFCNT_inc_simple, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN, SvREFCNT_inc_void, SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN , sv_reftype , sv_replace , sv_report_used , sv_reset , SvROK , SvROK_off , SvROK_on , SvRV , SvRV_set , sv_rvunweaken , sv_rvweaken , sv_setbool, sv_setbool_mg , sv_set_bool , sv_set_false , sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg , SvSETMAGIC , SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal , sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg , sv_setpv, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_fresh, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpvs, sv_setpvs_mg , sv_setpv_bufsize , sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvf_mg_nocontext, sv_setpvf_nocontext , sv_setref_iv , sv_setref_nv , sv_setref_pv , sv_setref_pvn , sv_setref_pvs , sv_setref_uv , sv_setrv_inc, sv_setrv_inc_mg , sv_setrv_noinc, sv_setrv_noinc_mg , sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setsv_nomg , sv_set_true , sv_set_undef , sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg , SvSHARE , SvSHARED_HASH , SvSTASH , SvSTASH_set , sv_streq , sv_streq_flags , SvTRUE, SvTRUE_NN, SvTRUE_nomg, SvTRUE_nomg_NN, SvTRUEx , SvTYPE , SvUNLOCK , sv_unmagic , sv_unmagicext , sv_unref , sv_unref_flags , SvUOK , SvUPGRADE , sv_upgrade , sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_flags, sv_usepvn_mg , sv_utf8_decode , sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_downgrade_flags, sv_utf8_downgrade_nomg , sv_utf8_encode , SvUTF8_off , SvUTF8_on , sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow, sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg , SvUTF8 , SvUV, SvUV_nomg, SvUVx , sv_2uv_flags , SvUV_set , SvUVX , SvUVXx , sv_vcatpvf, sv_vcatpvf_mg , sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vcatpvfn_flags , SvVOK , sv_vsetpvf, sv_vsetpvf_mg , sv_vsetpvfn , SvVSTRING_mg , vnewSVpvf

#Tainting

SvTAINT , SvTAINTED , SvTAINTED_off , SvTAINTED_on

#Time

ASCTIME_R_PROTO , CTIME_R_PROTO , GMTIME_MAX , GMTIME_MIN , GMTIME_R_PROTO , HAS_ASCTIME_R , HAS_ASCTIME64 , HAS_CTIME_R , HAS_CTIME64 , HAS_DIFFTIME , HAS_DIFFTIME64 , HAS_FUTIMES , HAS_GETITIMER , HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY , HAS_GMTIME_R , HAS_GMTIME64 , HAS_LOCALTIME_R , HAS_LOCALTIME64 , HAS_MKTIME , HAS_MKTIME64 , HAS_NANOSLEEP , HAS_SETITIMER , HAS_STRFTIME , HAS_TIME , HAS_TIMEGM , HAS_TIMES , HAS_TM_TM_GMTOFF , HAS_TM_TM_ZONE , HAS_TZNAME , HAS_USLEEP , HAS_USLEEP_PROTO , I_TIME , I_UTIME , LOCALTIME_MAX , LOCALTIME_MIN , LOCALTIME_R_NEEDS_TZSET , LOCALTIME_R_PROTO , L_R_TZSET , mini_mktime , sv_strftime_tm, sv_strftime_ints, my_strftime , switch_to_global_locale , POSIX::localeconv, I18N::Langinfo, items CRNCYSTR and THOUSEP, "Perl_langinfo" in perlapi, items CRNCYSTR and THOUSEP, sync_locale

#Typedef names

DB_Hash_t , DB_Prefix_t , Direntry_t , Fpos_t , Free_t , Gid_t , Gid_t_f , Gid_t_sign , Gid_t_size , Groups_t , Malloc_t , Mmap_t , Mode_t , Netdb_hlen_t , Netdb_host_t , Netdb_name_t , Netdb_net_t , Off_t , Off_t_size , Pid_t , Rand_seed_t , Select_fd_set_t , Shmat_t , Signal_t , Size_t , Size_t_size , Sock_size_t , SSize_t , Time_t , Uid_t , Uid_t_f , Uid_t_sign , Uid_t_size

#Unicode Support X <UNICODE_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_INTERCHANGE>

BOM_UTF8 , bytes_cmp_utf8 , bytes_from_utf8 , bytes_to_utf8 , DO_UTF8 , foldEQ_utf8 , is_ascii_string , isC9_STRICT_UTF8_CHAR , is_c9strict_utf8_string , is_c9strict_utf8_string_loc , is_c9strict_utf8_string_loclen , is_invariant_string , isSTRICT_UTF8_CHAR , is_strict_utf8_string , is_strict_utf8_string_loc , is_strict_utf8_string_loclen , isUTF8_CHAR , is_utf8_char_buf , isUTF8_CHAR_flags , is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_flags , is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_loc_flags , is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_loclen_flags , is_utf8_invariant_string , is_utf8_invariant_string_loc , is_utf8_string , is_utf8_string_flags , is_utf8_string_loc , is_utf8_string_loc_flags , is_utf8_string_loclen , is_utf8_string_loclen_flags , is_utf8_valid_partial_char , is_utf8_valid_partial_char_flags , LATIN1_TO_NATIVE , NATIVE_TO_LATIN1 , NATIVE_TO_UNI , pv_uni_display , REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER_UTF8 , sv_cat_decode , sv_recode_to_utf8 , sv_uni_display , UNICODE_IS_NONCHAR , UNICODE_IS_REPLACEMENT , UNICODE_IS_SUPER , UNICODE_IS_SURROGATE , UNICODE_REPLACEMENT , UNI_TO_NATIVE , UTF8_CHK_SKIP , utf8_distance , utf8_hop , utf8_hop_back , utf8_hop_forward , utf8_hop_safe , UTF8_IS_INVARIANT , UTF8_IS_NONCHAR , UTF8_IS_REPLACEMENT , UTF8_IS_SUPER , UTF8_IS_SURROGATE , utf8_length , UTF8_MAXBYTES , UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE , utf8ness_t , UTF8NESS_YES, UTF8NESS_NO, UTF8NESS_IMMATERIAL, UTF8NESS_UNKNOWN, 0 <= enum value <= UTF8NESS_IMMATERIAL, UTF8NESS_IMMATERIAL <= <enum value, utf8n_to_uvchr , utf8n_to_uvchr_error , UTF8_GOT_PERL_EXTENDED, UTF8_GOT_CONTINUATION, UTF8_GOT_EMPTY, UTF8_GOT_LONG, UTF8_GOT_NONCHAR, UTF8_GOT_NON_CONTINUATION, UTF8_GOT_OVERFLOW, UTF8_GOT_SHORT, UTF8_GOT_SUPER, UTF8_GOT_SURROGATE, utf8n_to_uvchr_msgs , text, warn_categories, flag, UTF8_SAFE_SKIP , UTF8SKIP , "UTF8_SAFE_SKIP" in perlapi if you know the maximum ending pointer in the buffer pointed to by s; or, "UTF8_CHK_SKIP" in perlapi if you don't know it, UTF8_SKIP , utf8_to_bytes , utf8_to_uvchr , utf8_to_uvchr_buf , UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT , UVCHR_SKIP , uvchr_to_utf8_flags , uvchr_to_utf8_flags_msgs , text, warn_categories, flag, uvchr_to_utf8

#Utility Functions

C_ARRAY_END , C_ARRAY_LENGTH , getcwd_sv , IN_PERL_COMPILETIME , IN_PERL_RUNTIME , IS_SAFE_SYSCALL , is_safe_syscall , my_setenv , newPADxVOP , phase_name , Poison , PoisonFree , PoisonNew , PoisonWith , StructCopy , sv_destroyable , sv_nosharing

#Versioning

new_version , PERL_REVISION , PERL_SUBVERSION , PERL_VERSION , PERL_VERSION_EQ, PERL_VERSION_GE, PERL_VERSION_GT, PERL_VERSION_LE, PERL_VERSION_LT, PERL_VERSION_NE , prescan_version , scan_version , upg_version , vcmp , vnormal , vnumify , vstringify , vverify , The SV is an HV or a reference to an HV, The hash contains a "version" key, The "version" key has a reference to an AV as its value

#Warning and Dieing X <WARN_THREADS>

ckWARN, ckWARN2, ckWARN3, ckWARN4 , ckWARN_d, ckWARN2_d, ckWARN3_d, ckWARN4_d , ck_warner, ck_warner_d , CLEAR_ERRSV , croak, croak_nocontext , croak_no_modify , croak_sv , die, die_nocontext , die_sv , ERRSV , fatal_warner , packWARN, packWARN2, packWARN3, packWARN4 , SANE_ERRSV , vcroak , vfatal_warner , vwarn , vwarner , warn, warn_nocontext , warner, warner_nocontext , warn_sv

#XS

aMY_CXT, _aMY_CXT, aMY_CXT_, ax , CLASS , dAX , dAXMARK , dITEMS , dMY_CXT, dMY_CXT_SV , dUNDERBAR , dXSARGS , dXSI32 , items , ix , MY_CXT, MY_CXT_CLONE, MY_CXT_INIT, pMY_CXT, _pMY_CXT, pMY_CXT_, RETVAL , ST , START_MY_CXT, THIS , UNDERBAR , XS , XS_EXTERNAL , XS_INTERNAL , XSPROTO

#Undocumented elements

#AUTHORS

#SEE ALSO

#perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal Perl functions

#DESCRIPTION
#AV Handling: av_fetch_simple , AvFILLp , av_new_alloc , av_store_simple
#Callback Functions: dowantarray , leave_scope , magic_freedestruct , mortal_svfunc_x , pop_scope , push_scope , save_adelete , save_freercpv , save_generic_pvref , save_generic_svref , save_hdelete , save_hints , save_op , save_padsv_and_mortalize , save_pushptr , save_rcpv , save_scalar_at , save_set_svflags , save_shared_pvref , save_vptr
#Casting
#Character case changing
#Character classification
#Compiler and Preprocessor information
#Compiler directives
#Compile-time scope hooks: BhkENTRY , BhkFLAGS , CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS
#Concurrency: CVf_SLABBED, CvROOT, CvSTART, CX_CUR, CXINC, CX_LEAVE_SCOPE, CX_POP, cxstack, cxstack_ix, CXt_BLOCK, CXt_EVAL, CXt_FORMAT, CXt_GIVEN, CXt_LOOP_ARY, CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV, CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV, CXt_LOOP_LIST, CXt_LOOP_PLAIN, CXt_NULL, CXt_SUB, CXt_SUBST, CXt_WHEN, cx_type, dounwind, my_fork , PERL_CONTEXT
#COPs and Hint Hashes
#Custom Operators: core_prototype
#CV Handling: CvREFCOUNTED_ANYSV , CvREFCOUNTED_ANYSV_off , CvREFCOUNTED_ANYSV_on , CvWEAKOUTSIDE , docatch
#Debugging: comma_aDEPTH , comma_pDEPTH , debop , debprof , debprofdump , debug_aDEPTH , debug_pDEPTH , free_c_backtrace , get_c_backtrace , PL_DBsingle , PL_DBsub , PL_DBtrace , runops_debug, runops_standard
#Display functions: sv_peek
#Embedding, Threads, and Interpreter Cloning: cv_dump , cv_forget_slab , do_dump_pad , get_context , pad_alloc_name , pad_block_start , pad_check_dup , pad_findlex , pad_fixup_inner_anons , pad_free , pad_leavemy , padlist_dup , padname_dup , padnamelist_dup , pad_push , pad_reset , pad_setsv , pad_sv , pad_swipe , set_context , si_dup , ss_dup
#Errno: dSAVEDERRNO , dSAVE_ERRNO , RESTORE_ERRNO , SAVE_ERRNO , SETERRNO
#Exception Handling (simple) Macros
#Filesystem configuration values
#Floating point
#General Configuration
#Global Variables
#GV Handling and Stashes: amagic_applies , gp_dup , gv_handler , gv_stashsvpvn_cached , gv_try_downgrade
#Hook manipulation
#HV Handling: hv_eiter_p , hv_eiter_set , hv_ename_add , hv_ename_delete , hv_fill , hv_placeholders_get , hv_placeholders_set , hv_riter_p , hv_riter_set , refcounted_he_chain_2hv , refcounted_he_fetch_pv , refcounted_he_fetch_pvn , refcounted_he_fetch_pvs , refcounted_he_fetch_sv , refcounted_he_free , refcounted_he_inc , refcounted_he_new_pv , refcounted_he_new_pvn , refcounted_he_new_pvs , refcounted_he_new_sv , unsharepvn
#Input/Output: dirp_dup , fp_dup , my_fflush_all , my_mkostemp , my_mkstemp , PL_last_in_gv , PL_ofsgv , PL_rs , start_glob
#Integer
#I/O Formats
#Lexer interface: resume_compcv_and_save , resume_compcv_final , validate_proto
#Locales
#Magic: magic_clearhint , magic_clearhints , magic_methcall , magic_sethint , mg_dup , mg_localize
#Memory Management: calloc , malloc , mfree , realloc
#MRO: mro_get_linear_isa_dfs , mro_isa_changed_in , mro_package_moved
#Multicall Functions
#Numeric Functions: isinfnansv
#Optrees: newATTRSUB_x , newMYSUB , newXS_len_flags , op_refcnt_lock , op_refcnt_unlock , traverse_op_tree
#Pack and Unpack
#Pad Data Structures: CX_CURPAD_SAVE , CX_CURPAD_SV , PAD_BASE_SV , PAD_CLONE_VARS , PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS , PAD_COMPNAME_GEN , PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set , PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH , PAD_COMPNAME_PV , PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE , PadnameIsFIELD , PadnameIsOUR , PadnameIsSTATE , PadnameIsTOMBSTONE , PadnameOURSTASH , PadnameOUTER , PadnameTYPE , PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL , PAD_SAVE_LOCAL , PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD , PAD_SET_CUR , PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE , PAD_SETSV , PAD_SV , PAD_SVl , SAVECLEARSV , SAVECOMPPAD , SAVEPADSV
#Password and Group access
#Paths to system commands
#Prototype information
#Reference-counted stack manipulation
#REGEXP Functions: regnode
#Reports and Formats
#Signals
#Site configuration
#Sockets configuration values
#Source Filters
#Stack Manipulation Macros: djSP , LVRET , save_alloc
#String Handling: delimcpy_no_escape , my_cxt_init , quadmath_format_needed , quadmath_format_valid
#SV Flags: SVt_INVLIST
#SV Handling: PL_Sv , sv_add_arena , sv_2bool , sv_2bool_flags , sv_clean_all , sv_clean_objs , sv_free_arenas , sv_grow , sv_grow_fresh , sv_newref , sv_2num , sv_pv , sv_pvbyte , sv_pvbyten_force , sv_2pvbyte_nolen , sv_pvn_force , sv_2pv_nolen , sv_pvutf8n_force , sv_2pvutf8_nolen , sv_pvutf8 , sv_tainted , SvTHINKFIRST , sv_true , sv_untaint
#Tainting: sv_taint , TAINT , TAINT_ENV , taint_env , TAINT_get , TAINT_IF , TAINTING_get , TAINTING_set , TAINT_NOT , TAINT_PROPER , taint_proper , TAINT_set , TAINT_WARN_get , TAINT_WARN_set
#Time
#Typedef names
#Unicode Support: bytes_from_utf8_loc , find_uninit_var , isSCRIPT_RUN , is_utf8_non_invariant_string , utf8n_to_uvuni , utf8_to_uvuni , uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags , valid_utf8_to_uvchr , variant_under_utf8_count
#Utility Functions: my_popen_list , my_socketpair
#Versioning
#Warning and Dieing: deprecate , deprecate_disappears_in , deprecate_fatal_in , PL_dowarn , report_uninit
#XS
#Undocumented elements
#AUTHORS
#SEE ALSO

#perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#History and Background
#Basic Structure
#Layers vs Disciplines
#Data Structures
#Functions and Attributes
#Per-instance Data
#Layers in action.
#Per-instance flag bits: PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
#Methods in Detail: fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode, Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt
#Utilities
#Implementing PerlIO Layers: C implementations, Perl implementations
#Core Layers: "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
#Extension Layers: ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"

#TODO

#perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_PERLIO, PerlIO_stdin(), PerlIO_stdout(), PerlIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode), PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...), PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...), PerlIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count), PerlIO_fill(f), PerlIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c), PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_unread(f,buf,count), PerlIO_getc(f), PerlIO_eof(f), PerlIO_error(f), PerlIO_fileno(f), PerlIO_clearerr(f), PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence), PerlIO_tell(f), PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p), PerlIO_rewind(f), PerlIO_tmpfile(), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)

#Co-existence with stdio: PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode), PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode), PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PerlIO_findFILE(f)
#"Fast gets" Functions: PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_cnt(f), PerlIO_get_ptr(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f), PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f), PerlIO_get_base(f), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)
#Other Functions: PerlIO_apply_layers(aTHX_ f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(aTHX_ f,ptype,imode,layers), '<' read, '>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)

#perlhack - How to hack on Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#SUPER QUICK PATCH GUIDE

Check out the source repository, Ensure you're following the latest advice, Create a branch for your change, Make your change, Test your change, Commit your change, Send your change to the Perl issue tracker, Thank you, Acknowledgement, Next time

#BUG REPORTING

#PERL 5 PORTERS

#perl-changes mailing list
##p5p on IRC

#GETTING THE PERL SOURCE

#Read access via Git
#Read access via the web
#Write access via git

#PATCHING PERL

#Submitting patches
#Getting your patch accepted: Why, What, How
#Patching a core module
#Updating perldelta
#What makes for a good patch?

#TESTING

t/base, t/comp and t/opbasic, All other subdirectories of t/, Test files not found under t/

#Special make test targets: test_porting, minitest, test.valgrind check.valgrind, test_harness, test-notty test_notty
#Parallel tests
#Running tests by hand
#Using t/harness for testing: -v, -torture, -re=PATTERN, -re LIST OF PATTERNS, PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST, PERL_TEST_Net_Ping, PERL_TEST_NOVREXX, PERL_TEST_NUMCONVERTS, PERL_TEST_MEMORY
#Performance testing
#Building perl at older commits

#MORE READING FOR GUTS HACKERS

perlsource, perlinterp, perlhacktut, perlhacktips, perlguts, perlxstut and perlxs, perlapi, Porting/pumpkin.pod

#CPAN TESTERS AND PERL SMOKERS

#WHAT NEXT?

#"The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began."
#Metaphoric Quotations

#AUTHOR

#perlsource - A guide to the Perl source tree

#DESCRIPTION

#FINDING YOUR WAY AROUND

#C code
#Core modules: lib/, ext/, dist/, cpan/
#Tests: Module tests, t/base/, t/cmd/, t/comp/, t/io/, t/mro/, t/op/, t/opbasic/, t/re/, t/run/, t/uni/, t/win32/, t/porting/, t/lib/
#Documentation
#Hacking tools and documentation: check*, Maintainers, Maintainers.pl, and Maintainers.pm, podtidy
#Build system
#AUTHORS
#MANIFEST

#perlinterp - An overview of the Perl interpreter

#DESCRIPTION

#ELEMENTS OF THE INTERPRETER

#Startup
#Parsing
#Optimization
#Running
#Exception handing: level 2: perl-level exit() and internals my_exit(), level 3: perl-level die() and internals croak(), level 1: unused, level 0: normal return
#INTERNAL VARIABLE TYPES

#OP TREES

#STACKS

#Argument stack
#Mark stack
#Save stack

#MILLIONS OF MACROS

#FURTHER READING

#perlhacktut - Walk through the creation of a simple C code patch

#DESCRIPTION

#EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE PATCH

#Writing the patch
#Testing the patch
#Documenting the patch
#Submit

#AUTHOR

#perlhacktips - Tips for Perl core C code hacking

#DESCRIPTION

#COMMON PROBLEMS

#Perl environment problems
#C99: AIX, HP/UX, Solaris
#Symbol Names and Namespace Pollution: Don't begin a symbol name with an underscore; (e.g., don't use: _FOOBAR), Don't use two consecutive underscores in a symbol name; (e.g., don't use FOO__BAR)
#Writing safer macros
#Portability problems
#Problematic System Interfaces
#Security problems

#DEBUGGING

#Poking at Perl
#Using a source-level debugger: run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', ptype, print
#gdb macro support
#Dumping Perl Data Structures
#Using gdb to look at specific parts of a program
#Using gdb to look at what the parser/lexer are doing

#SOURCE CODE STATIC ANALYSIS

#lint
#Coverity
#HP-UX cadvise (Code Advisor)
#cpd (cut-and-paste detector)
#gcc warnings
#Warnings of other C compilers

#MEMORY DEBUGGERS

#valgrind
#AddressSanitizer: -Dcc=clang, -Accflags=-fsanitize=address, -Aldflags=-fsanitize=address, -Alddlflags=-shared\ -fsanitize=address, -fsanitize-blacklist=`pwd`/asan_ignore

#PROFILING

#Gprof Profiling: -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
#GCC gcov Profiling
#callgrind profiling: --threshold, --auto

#MISCELLANEOUS TRICKS

#PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
#Leaked SV spotting: sv_mark_arenas() and sv_sweep_arenas()
#PERL_MEM_LOG
#DDD over gdb
#C backtrace: Linux, OS X, get_c_backtrace, free_c_backtrace, get_c_backtrace_dump, dump_c_backtrace
#Poison
#Read-only optrees
#When is a bool not a bool?
#Finding unsafe truncations
#The .i Targets

#AUTHOR

#DESCRIPTION

#GOVERNANCE

#Perl 5 Porters

#MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT

#BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY AND DEPRECATION

#Terminology: experimental, deprecated, discouraged, removed

#MAINTENANCE BRANCHES

#Getting changes into a maint branch

#CONTRIBUTED MODULES

#A Social Contract about Artistic Control

#DOCUMENTATION

#STANDARDS OF CONDUCT

#CREDITS

#perlgov - Perl Rules of Governance

#PREAMBLE

#Mandate

#Definitions

"Core Team", "Steering Council", "Vote Administrator"

#The Core Team
#The Steering Council
#The Vote Administrator

#Steering Council and Core Team Members

#Steering Council Members

Graham Knop, Paul Evans, Philippe Bruhat

#Core Team Members

#Active Members: Chad Granum <exodist7@gmail.com>, Chris 'BinGOs' Williams <chris@bingosnet.co.uk>, Craig Berry <craigberry@mac.com>, Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>, David Mitchell <davem@iabyn.com>, Graham Knop <haarg@haarg.org>, H. Merijn Brand <perl5@tux.freedom.nl>, Hugo van der Sanden <hv@crypt.org>, James E Keenan <jkeenan@cpan.org>, Karen Etheridge <ether@cpan.org>, Karl Williamson <khw@cpan.org>, Leon Timmermans <fawaka@gmail.com>, Matthew Horsfall <wolfsage@gmail.com>, Max Maischein <cpan@corion.net>, Neil Bowers <neilb@neilb.org>, Nicholas Clark <nick@ccl4.org>, Nicolas R <atoomic@cpan.org>, Paul "LeoNerd" Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>, Philippe "BooK" Bruhat <book@cpan.org>, Ricardo Signes <rjbs@semiotic.systems>, Steve Hay <steve.m.hay@googlemail.com>, Stuart Mackintosh <stuart@perlfoundation.org>, Todd Rinaldo <toddr@cpanel.net>, Tony Cook <tony@develop-help.com>, Yves Orton <demerphq@gmail.com>
#Inactive Members: Abhijit Menon-Sen <ams@toroid.org>, Andy Dougherty <doughera@lafayette.edu>, David Golden <xdg@xdg.me>, Jan Dubois <jan@jandubois.com>, Jason McIntosh <jmac@jmac.org>, Jesse Vincent <jesse@fsck.com>

#perlgit - Detailed information about git and the Perl repository

#DESCRIPTION

#CLONING THE REPOSITORY

#WORKING WITH THE REPOSITORY

#Finding out your status
#Patch workflow
#A note on derived files
#Cleaning a working directory
#Bisecting
#Topic branches and rewriting history
#Grafts

#WRITE ACCESS TO THE GIT REPOSITORY

#Working with Github pull requests
#Accepting a patch
#Committing to blead
#On merging and rebasing
#Committing to maintenance versions
#Using a smoke-me branch to test changes

#perlhist - the Perl history records

#DESCRIPTION

#INTRODUCTION

#THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN

#PUMPKIN?

#THE RECORDS

#SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
#SELECTED PATCH SIZES

#THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS

#perldelta - what is new for perl v5.39.6

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#CVE-2023-47038 - Write past buffer end via illegal user-defined Unicode property
#CVE-2023-47039 - Perl for Windows binary hijacking vulnerability

#Incompatible Changes

#return no longer allows an indirect object

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Testing

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5396delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.39.6

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#CVE-2023-47038 - Write past buffer end via illegal user-defined Unicode property
#CVE-2023-47039 - Perl for Windows binary hijacking vulnerability

#Incompatible Changes

#return no longer allows an indirect object

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Testing

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5395delta - what is new for perl v5.39.5

#DESCRIPTION

#Notice

#Deprecations

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: Oracle Developer Studio (Solaris, Oracle Linux), Windows

#Errata From Previous Releases

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5394delta - what is new for perl v5.39.4

#DESCRIPTION

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules and Pragmata
#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: VMS

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5393delta - what is new for perl v5.39.3

#DESCRIPTION

#Performance Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: MacOS/Darwin

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

Make use 5.036 respect the -X flag

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5392delta - what is new for perl v5.39.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#New __CLASS__ Keyword

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: Serenity OS, Windows

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5391delta - what is new for perl v5.39.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#reset EXPR now calls set-magic on scalars
#Calling the import method of an unknown package produces an error

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: Windows

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5390delta - what is new for perl v5.39.0

#DESCRIPTION
#Notice
#Reporting Bugs
#Give Thanks
#SEE ALSO

#perl5382delta - what is new for perl v5.38.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#CVE-2023-47038 - Write past buffer end via illegal user-defined Unicode property
#CVE-2023-47039 - Perl for Windows binary hijacking vulnerability

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5381delta - what is new for perl v5.38.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#CVE-2023-47038 - Write past buffer end via illegal user-defined Unicode property
#CVE-2023-47039 - Perl for Windows binary hijacking vulnerability

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5380delta - what is new for perl v5.38.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#New class Feature
#Unicode 15.0 is supported
#Deprecation warnings now have specific subcategories
#%{^HOOK} API introduced
#PERL_RAND_SEED
#Defined-or and logical-or assignment default expressions in signatures
#@INC Hook Enhancements and $INC and INCDIR
#Forbidden control flow out of defer or finally now detected at compile-time
#Optimistic Eval in Patterns
#REG_INF has been raised from 65,536 to 2,147,483,647
#New API functions optimize_optree and finalize_optree
#Some gotos are now permitted in defer and finally blocks
#New regexp variable ${^LAST_SUCCESSFUL_PATTERN}
#Locale category LC_NAME now supported on participating platforms

#Incompatible Changes

#readline() no longer clears the stream error and eof flags
#INIT blocks no longer run after an exit() in BEGIN
#Syntax errors no longer produce "phantom error messages"
#utf8::upgrade()
#Changes to "thread-safe" locales

#Deprecations

#Use of ' as a package name separator is deprecated
#Switch and Smart Match operator

#Performance Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#New Documentation
#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics
#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Discontinued Platforms: Ultrix
#Platform-Specific Notes: DragonflyBSD, FreeBSD, Solaris, Synology, Windows

#Internal Changes

newSVbool(const bool bool_val), newSV_true(), newSV_false(), sv_set_true(SV *sv), sv_set_false(SV *sv), sv_set_bool(SV *sv, const bool bool_val), SvIandPOK(sv), SvIandPOK_off(sv), SvIandPOK_on, I32df -- Like %d, U32of -- Like %o, U32uf -- Like %u, U32xf -- Like %x, U32Xf -- Like %X

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5363delta - what is new for perl v5.36.3

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#CVE-2023-47038 - Write past buffer end via illegal user-defined Unicode property
#CVE-2023-47039 - Perl for Windows binary hijacking vulnerability

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5362delta - what is new for perl v5.36.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#CVE-2023-47038 - Write past buffer end via illegal user-defined Unicode property
#CVE-2023-47039 - Perl for Windows binary hijacking vulnerability

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5361delta - what is new for perl v5.36.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5360delta - what is new for perl v5.36.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#use v5.36
#-g command-line flag
#Unicode 14.0 is supported
#regex sets are no longer considered experimental
#Variable length lookbehind is mostly no longer considered experimental
#SIGFPE no longer deferred
#Stable boolean tracking
#iterating over multiple values at a time (experimental)
#builtin functions (experimental): builtin::trim, builtin::indexed, builtin::true, builtin::false, builtin::is_bool, builtin::weaken, builtin::unweaken, builtin::is_weak, builtin::blessed, builtin::refaddr, builtin::reftype, builtin::ceil, builtin::floor
#defer blocks (experimental)
#try/catch can now have a finally block (experimental)
#non-ASCII delimiters for quote-like operators (experimental)
#@_ is now experimental within signatured subs

#Incompatible Changes

#A physically empty sort is now a compile-time error

#Deprecations

#use VERSION (where VERSION is below v5.11) after use v5.11 is deprecated

#Performance Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#New Documentation
#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics
#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Windows
#VMS: keys %ENV on VMS returns consistent results
#Discontinued Platforms: AT&T UWIN, DOS/DJGPP, NetWare
#Platform-Specific Notes: z/OS

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Errata From Previous Releases

#Obituaries

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5343delta - what is new for perl v5.34.3

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#CVE-2023-47038 - Write past buffer end via illegal user-defined Unicode property
#CVE-2023-47039 - Perl for Windows binary hijacking vulnerability

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5342delta - what is new for perl v5.34.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#CVE-2023-47038 - Write past buffer end via illegal user-defined Unicode property
#CVE-2023-47039 - Perl for Windows binary hijacking vulnerability

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5341delta - what is new for perl v5.34.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Testing

#Platform-Specific Notes: Windows

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5340delta - what is new for perl v5.34.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#Experimental Try/Catch Syntax
#qr/{,n}/ is now accepted

#Blanks freely allowed within but adjacent to curly braces
#New octal syntax 0oddddd

#Performance Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules and Pragmata
#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#New Documentation
#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics
#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Utility Changes

#perl5db.pl (the debugger): New option: HistItemMinLength, Fix to i and l commands

#Configuration and Compilation

stadtx hash support has been removed, Configure, -Dusedefaultstrict

#Testing

#Platform Support

#New Platforms: 9front
#Updated Platforms: Plan9, MacOS (Darwin)
#Discontinued Platforms: Symbian
#Platform-Specific Notes: DragonFlyBSD, Mac OS X, Windows, z/OS

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

pack/unpack format 'D' now works on all systems that could support it

#Known Problems

#Errata From Previous Releases

#Obituary

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5321delta - what is new for perl v5.32.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#New Documentation
#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: MacOS (Darwin), Minix

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5320delta - what is new for perl v5.32.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#The isa Operator
#Unicode 13.0 is supported
#Chained comparisons capability
#New Unicode properties Identifier_Status and Identifier_Type supported
#It is now possible to write qr/\p{Name=...}/, or qr!\p{na=/(SMILING|GRINNING) FACE/}!
#Improvement of POSIX::mblen(), mbtowc, and wctomb
#Alpha assertions are no longer experimental
#Script runs are no longer experimental
#Feature checks are now faster
#Perl is now developed on GitHub
#Compiled patterns can now be dumped before optimization

#Security

#[CVE-2020-10543] Buffer overflow caused by a crafted regular expression
#[CVE-2020-10878] Integer overflow via malformed bytecode produced by a crafted regular expression
#[CVE-2020-12723] Buffer overflow caused by a crafted regular expression
#Additional Note

#Incompatible Changes

#Certain pattern matching features are now prohibited in compiling Unicode property value wildcard subpatterns
#Unused functions POSIX::mbstowcs and POSIX::wcstombs are removed
#A bug fix for (?[...]) may have caused some patterns to no longer compile
#\p{user-defined} properties now always override official Unicode ones
#Modifiable variables are no longer permitted in constants
#Use of vec on strings with code points above 0xFF is forbidden
#Use of code points over 0xFF in string bitwise operators
#Sys::Hostname::hostname() does not accept arguments
#Plain "0" string now treated as a number for range operator
#\K now disallowed in look-ahead and look-behind assertions

#Performance Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata
#Removed Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation: caller, __FILE__, __LINE__, return, open

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics
#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Utility Changes

#perlbug: The bug tracker homepage URL now points to GitHub
#streamzip

#Configuration and Compilation

#Configure

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Discontinued Platforms: Windows CE
#Platform-Specific Notes: Linux, NetBSD 8.0, Windows, Solaris, VMS, z/OS

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Obituary

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5303delta - what is new for perl v5.30.3

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#[CVE-2020-10543] Buffer overflow caused by a crafted regular expression
#[CVE-2020-10878] Integer overflow via malformed bytecode produced by a crafted regular expression
#[CVE-2020-12723] Buffer overflow caused by a crafted regular expression
#Additional Note

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Testing

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5302delta - what is new for perl v5.30.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: Windows

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5301delta - what is new for perl v5.30.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: Win32

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5300delta - what is new for perl v5.30.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Notice

#Core Enhancements

#Limited variable length lookbehind in regular expression pattern matching is now experimentally supported
#The upper limit "n" specifiable in a regular expression quantifier of the form "{m,n}" has been doubled to 65534
#Unicode 12.1 is supported
#Wildcards in Unicode property value specifications are now partially supported
#qr'\N{name}' is now supported
#Turkic UTF-8 locales are now seamlessly supported
#It is now possible to compile perl to always use thread-safe locale operations.
#Eliminate opASSIGN macro usage from core
#-Drv now means something on -DDEBUGGING builds

#Incompatible Changes

#Assigning non-zero to $[ is fatal
#Delimiters must now be graphemes
#Some formerly deprecated uses of an unescaped left brace "{" in regular expression patterns are now illegal
#Previously deprecated sysread()/syswrite() on :utf8 handles is now fatal
#my() in false conditional prohibited
#Fatalize $* and $#
#Fatalize unqualified use of dump()
#Remove File::Glob::glob()
#pack() no longer can return malformed UTF-8
#Any set of digits in the Common script are legal in a script run of another script
#JSON::PP enables allow_nonref by default

#Deprecations

#In XS code, use of various macros dealing with UTF-8.

#Performance Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata
#Removed Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Utility Changes

#xsubpp

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: HP-UX 11.11, Mac OS X, Minix3, Cygwin, Win32 Mingw, Windows

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5283delta - what is new for perl v5.28.3

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#[CVE-2020-10543] Buffer overflow caused by a crafted regular expression
#[CVE-2020-10878] Integer overflow via malformed bytecode produced by a crafted regular expression
#[CVE-2020-12723] Buffer overflow caused by a crafted regular expression
#Additional Note

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Testing

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5282delta - what is new for perl v5.28.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Any set of digits in the Common script are legal in a script run of another script

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: Windows, Mac OS X

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5281delta - what is new for perl v5.28.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#[CVE-2018-18311] Integer overflow leading to buffer overflow and segmentation fault
#[CVE-2018-18312] Heap-buffer-overflow write in S_regatom (regcomp.c)

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5280delta - what is new for perl v5.28.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#Unicode 10.0 is supported
#delete on key/value hash slices
#Experimentally, there are now alphabetic synonyms for some regular expression assertions
#Mixed Unicode scripts are now detectable
#In-place editing with perl -i is now safer
#Initialisation of aggregate state variables
#Full-size inode numbers
#The sprintf %j format size modifier is now available with pre-C99 compilers
#Close-on-exec flag set atomically
#String- and number-specific bitwise ops are no longer experimental
#Locales are now thread-safe on systems that support them
#New read-only predefined variable ${^SAFE_LOCALES}

#Security

#[CVE-2017-12837] Heap buffer overflow in regular expression compiler
#[CVE-2017-12883] Buffer over-read in regular expression parser
#[CVE-2017-12814] $ENV{$key} stack buffer overflow on Windows
#Default Hash Function Change

#Incompatible Changes

#Subroutine attribute and signature order
#Comma-less variable lists in formats are no longer allowed
#The :locked and :unique attributes have been removed
#\N{} with nothing between the braces is now illegal
#Opening the same symbol as both a file and directory handle is no longer allowed
#Use of bare << to mean <<"" is no longer allowed
#Setting $/ to a reference to a non-positive integer no longer allowed
#Unicode code points with values exceeding IV_MAX are now fatal
#The B::OP::terse method has been removed
#Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-methods is no longer allowed
#Use of strings with code points over 0xFF is not allowed for bitwise string operators
#Setting ${^ENCODING} to a defined value is now illegal
#Backslash no longer escapes colon in PATH for the -S switch
#the -DH (DEBUG_H) misfeature has been removed
#Yada-yada is now strictly a statement
#Sort algorithm can no longer be specified
#Over-radix digits in floating point literals
#Return type of unpackstring()

#Deprecations

#Use of vec on strings with code points above 0xFF is deprecated
#Some uses of unescaped "{" in regexes are no longer fatal
#Use of unescaped "{" immediately after a "(" in regular expression patterns is deprecated
#Assignment to $[ will be fatal in Perl 5.30
#hostname() won't accept arguments in Perl 5.32
#Module removals: B::Debug, Locale::Codes and its associated Country, Currency and Language modules

#Performance Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#Removal of use vars
#Use of DynaLoader changed to XSLoader in many modules
#Updated Modules and Pragmata
#Removed Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation: "Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex m/%s/" in perldiag, "Use of state $_ is experimental" in perldiag

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics
#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Utility Changes

#perlbug

#Configuration and Compilation

C89 requirement, New probes, HAS_BUILTIN_ADD_OVERFLOW, HAS_BUILTIN_MUL_OVERFLOW, HAS_BUILTIN_SUB_OVERFLOW, HAS_THREAD_SAFE_NL_LANGINFO_L, HAS_LOCALECONV_L, HAS_MBRLEN, HAS_MBRTOWC, HAS_MEMRCHR, HAS_NANOSLEEP, HAS_STRNLEN, HAS_STRTOLD_L, I_WCHAR

#Testing

#Packaging

#Platform Support

#Discontinued Platforms: PowerUX / Power MAX OS
#Platform-Specific Notes: CentOS, Cygwin, Darwin, FreeBSD, VMS, Windows

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5263delta - what is new for perl v5.26.3

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#[CVE-2018-12015] Directory traversal in module Archive::Tar
#[CVE-2018-18311] Integer overflow leading to buffer overflow and segmentation fault
#[CVE-2018-18312] Heap-buffer-overflow write in S_regatom (regcomp.c)
#[CVE-2018-18313] Heap-buffer-overflow read in S_grok_bslash_N (regcomp.c)
#[CVE-2018-18314] Heap-buffer-overflow write in S_regatom (regcomp.c)

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics
#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5262delta - what is new for perl v5.26.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#[CVE-2018-6797] heap-buffer-overflow (WRITE of size 1) in S_regatom (regcomp.c)
#[CVE-2018-6798] Heap-buffer-overflow in Perl__byte_dump_string (utf8.c)
#[CVE-2018-6913] heap-buffer-overflow in S_pack_rec
#Assertion failure in Perl__core_swash_init (utf8.c)

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: Windows

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5261delta - what is new for perl v5.26.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#[CVE-2017-12837] Heap buffer overflow in regular expression compiler
#[CVE-2017-12883] Buffer over-read in regular expression parser
#[CVE-2017-12814] $ENV{$key} stack buffer overflow on Windows

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: FreeBSD, Windows

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5260delta - what is new for perl v5.26.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Notice

"." no longer in @INC, do may now warn, In regular expression patterns, a literal left brace "{" should be escaped

#Core Enhancements

#Lexical subroutines are no longer experimental
#Indented Here-documents
#New regular expression modifier /xx
#@{^CAPTURE}, %{^CAPTURE}, and %{^CAPTURE_ALL}
#Declaring a reference to a variable
#Unicode 9.0 is now supported
#Use of \p{script} uses the improved Script_Extensions property
#Perl can now do default collation in UTF-8 locales on platforms that support it
#Better locale collation of strings containing embedded NUL characters
#CORE subroutines for hash and array functions callable via reference
#New Hash Function For 64-bit Builds

#Security

#Removal of the current directory (".") from @INC: Configure -Udefault_inc_excludes_dot, PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC, A new deprecation warning issued by do, Script authors, Installing and using CPAN modules, Module Authors
#Escaped colons and relative paths in PATH
#New -Di switch is now required for PerlIO debugging output

#Incompatible Changes

#Unescaped literal "{" characters in regular expression patterns are no longer permissible
#scalar(%hash) return signature changed
#keys returned from an lvalue subroutine
#The ${^ENCODING} facility has been removed
#POSIX::tmpnam() has been removed
#require ::Foo::Bar is now illegal.
#Literal control character variable names are no longer permissible
#NBSP is no longer permissible in \N{...}

#Deprecations

#String delimiters that aren't stand-alone graphemes are now deprecated
#\cX that maps to a printable is no longer deprecated

#Performance Enhancements

New Faster Hash Function on 64 bit builds, readline is faster

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#New Documentation
#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics
#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Utility Changes

#c2ph and pstruct
#Porting/pod_lib.pl
#Porting/sync-with-cpan
#perf/benchmarks
#Porting/checkAUTHORS.pl
#t/porting/regen.t
#utils/h2xs.PL
#perlbug

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#New Platforms: NetBSD/VAX
#Platform-Specific Notes: Darwin, EBCDIC, HP-UX, Hurd, VAX, VMS, Windows, Linux, OpenBSD 6, FreeBSD, DragonFly BSD

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Known Problems

#Errata From Previous Releases

#Obituary

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#Give Thanks

#SEE ALSO

#perl5244delta - what is new for perl v5.24.4

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#[CVE-2018-6797] heap-buffer-overflow (WRITE of size 1) in S_regatom (regcomp.c)
#[CVE-2018-6798] Heap-buffer-overflow in Perl__byte_dump_string (utf8.c)
#[CVE-2018-6913] heap-buffer-overflow in S_pack_rec
#Assertion failure in Perl__core_swash_init (utf8.c)

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5243delta - what is new for perl v5.24.3

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#[CVE-2017-12837] Heap buffer overflow in regular expression compiler
#[CVE-2017-12883] Buffer over-read in regular expression parser
#[CVE-2017-12814] $ENV{$key} stack buffer overflow on Windows

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Configuration and Compilation

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: VMS, Windows

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5242delta - what is new for perl v5.24.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#Improved handling of '.' in @INC in base.pm
#"Escaped" colons and relative paths in PATH

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5241delta - what is new for perl v5.24.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#-Di switch is now required for PerlIO debugging output
#Core modules and tools no longer search "." for optional modules

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Testing

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5240delta - what is new for perl v5.24.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#Postfix dereferencing is no longer experimental
#Unicode 8.0 is now supported
#perl will now croak when closing an in-place output file fails
#New \b{lb} boundary in regular expressions
#qr/(?[ ])/ now works in UTF-8 locales
#Integer shift (<< and >>) now more explicitly defined
#printf and sprintf now allow reordered precision arguments
#More fields provided to sigaction callback with SA_SIGINFO
#Hashbang redirection to Perl 6

#Security

#Set proper umask before calling mkstemp(3)
#Fix out of boundary access in Win32 path handling
#Fix loss of taint in canonpath
#Avoid accessing uninitialized memory in win32 crypt()
#Remove duplicate environment variables from environ

#Incompatible Changes

#The autoderef feature has been removed
#Lexical $_ has been removed
#qr/\b{wb}/ is now tailored to Perl expectations
#Regular expression compilation errors
#qr/\N{}/ now disallowed under use re "strict"
#Nested declarations are now disallowed
#The /\C/ character class has been removed.
#chdir('') no longer chdirs home
#ASCII characters in variable names must now be all visible
#An off by one issue in $Carp::MaxArgNums has been fixed
#Only blanks and tabs are now allowed within [...] within (?[...]).

#Deprecations

#Using code points above the platform's IV_MAX is now deprecated
#Doing bitwise operations on strings containing code points above 0xFF is deprecated
#sysread(), syswrite(), recv() and send() are deprecated on :utf8 handles

#Performance Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics
#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: AmigaOS, Cygwin, EBCDIC, UTF-EBCDIC extended, EBCDIC cmp() and sort() fixed for UTF-EBCDIC strings, EBCDIC tr/// and y/// fixed for \N{}, and use utf8 ranges, FreeBSD, IRIX, MacOS X, Solaris, Tru64, VMS, Win32, ppc64el, floating point

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5224delta - what is new for perl v5.22.4

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#Improved handling of '.' in @INC in base.pm
#"Escaped" colons and relative paths in PATH

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5223delta - what is new for perl v5.22.3

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#-Di switch is now required for PerlIO debugging output
#Core modules and tools no longer search "." for optional modules

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Testing

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5222delta - what is new for perl v5.22.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#Fix out of boundary access in Win32 path handling
#Fix loss of taint in canonpath()
#Set proper umask before calling mkstemp(3)
#Avoid accessing uninitialized memory in Win32 crypt()
#Remove duplicate environment variables from environ

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Configuration and Compilation

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: Darwin, OS X/Darwin, ppc64el, Tru64

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5221delta - what is new for perl v5.22.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Bounds Checking Constructs

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Configuration and Compilation

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: IRIX

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5220delta - what is new for perl v5.22.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#New bitwise operators
#New double-diamond operator
#New \b boundaries in regular expressions
#Non-Capturing Regular Expression Flag
#use re 'strict'
#Unicode 7.0 (with correction) is now supported
#use locale can restrict which locale categories are affected
#Perl now supports POSIX 2008 locale currency additions
#Better heuristics on older platforms for determining locale UTF-8ness
#Aliasing via reference
#prototype with no arguments
#New :const subroutine attribute
#fileno now works on directory handles
#List form of pipe open implemented for Win32
#Assignment to list repetition
#Infinity and NaN (not-a-number) handling improved
#Floating point parsing has been improved
#Packing infinity or not-a-number into a character is now fatal
#Experimental C Backtrace API

#Security

#Perl is now compiled with -fstack-protector-strong if available
#The Safe module could allow outside packages to be replaced
#Perl is now always compiled with -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 if available

#Incompatible Changes

#Subroutine signatures moved before attributes
#& and \& prototypes accepts only subs
#use encoding is now lexical
#List slices returning empty lists
#\N{} with a sequence of multiple spaces is now a fatal error
#use UNIVERSAL '...' is now a fatal error
#In double-quotish \cX, X must now be a printable ASCII character
#Splitting the tokens (? and (* in regular expressions is now a fatal compilation error.
#qr/foo/x now ignores all Unicode pattern white space
#Comment lines within (?[ ]) are now ended only by a \n
#(?[...]) operators now follow standard Perl precedence
#Omitting % and @ on hash and array names is no longer permitted
#"$!" text is now in English outside the scope of use locale
#"$!" text will be returned in UTF-8 when appropriate
#Support for ?PATTERN? without explicit operator has been removed
#defined(@array) and defined(%hash) are now fatal errors
#Using a hash or an array as a reference are now fatal errors
#Changes to the * prototype

#Deprecations

#Setting ${^ENCODING} to anything but undef
#Use of non-graphic characters in single-character variable names
#Inlining of sub () { $var } with observable side-effects
#Use of multiple /x regexp modifiers
#Using a NO-BREAK space in a character alias for \N{...} is now deprecated
#A literal "{" should now be escaped in a pattern
#Making all warnings fatal is discouraged

#Performance Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata
#Removed Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#New Documentation
#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics
#Changes to Existing Diagnostics
#Diagnostic Removals

#Utility Changes

#find2perl, s2p and a2p removal
#h2ph
#encguess

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Regained Platforms: IRIX and Tru64 platforms are working again, z/OS running EBCDIC Code Page 1047
#Discontinued Platforms: NeXTSTEP/OPENSTEP
#Platform-Specific Notes: EBCDIC, HP-UX, Android, VMS, Win32, OpenBSD, Solaris

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Known Problems

#Obituary

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5203delta - what is new for perl v5.20.3

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Utility Changes

#h2ph

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: Win32

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5202delta - what is new for perl v5.20.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#New Documentation
#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Regained Platforms

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Known Problems

#Errata From Previous Releases

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5201delta - what is new for perl v5.20.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Performance Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Configuration and Compilation

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: Android, OpenBSD, Solaris, VMS, Windows

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5200delta - what is new for perl v5.20.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#Experimental Subroutine signatures
#subs now take a prototype attribute
#More consistent prototype parsing
#rand now uses a consistent random number generator
#New slice syntax
#Experimental Postfix Dereferencing
#Unicode 6.3 now supported
#New \p{Unicode} regular expression pattern property
#Better 64-bit support
#use locale now works on UTF-8 locales
#use locale now compiles on systems without locale ability
#More locale initialization fallback options
#-DL runtime option now added for tracing locale setting
#-F now implies -a and -a implies -n
#$a and $b warnings exemption

#Security

#Avoid possible read of free()d memory during parsing

#Incompatible Changes

#do can no longer be used to call subroutines
#Quote-like escape changes
#Tainting happens under more circumstances; now conforms to documentation
#\p{}, \P{} matching has changed for non-Unicode code points.
#\p{All} has been expanded to match all possible code points
#Data::Dumper's output may change
#Locale decimal point character no longer leaks outside of use locale scope
#Assignments of Windows sockets error codes to $! now prefer errno.h values over WSAGetLastError() values
#Functions PerlIO_vsprintf and PerlIO_sprintf have been removed

#Deprecations

#The /\C/ character class
#Literal control characters in variable names
#References to non-integers and non-positive integers in $/
#Character matching routines in POSIX
#Interpreter-based threads are now discouraged
#Module removals: CGI and its associated CGI:: packages, inc::latest, Package::Constants, Module::Build and its associated Module::Build:: packages
#Utility removals: find2perl, s2p, a2p

#Performance Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules and Pragmata
#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#New Documentation
#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics
#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Utility Changes

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#New Platforms: Android, Bitrig, FreeMiNT, Synology
#Discontinued Platforms: sfio, AT&T 3b1, DG/UX, EBCDIC
#Platform-Specific Notes: Cygwin, GNU/Hurd, Linux, Mac OS, MidnightBSD, Mixed-endian platforms, VMS, Win32, WinCE

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Regular Expressions
#Perl 5 Debugger and -d
#Lexical Subroutines
#Everything Else

#Known Problems

#Obituary

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5184delta - what is new for perl v5.18.4

#DESCRIPTION

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: Win32

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5182delta - what is new for perl v5.18.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5181delta - what is new for perl v5.18.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: AIX, MidnightBSD

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5180delta - what is new for perl v5.18.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#New mechanism for experimental features
#Hash overhaul
#Upgrade to Unicode 6.2
#Character name aliases may now include non-Latin1-range characters
#New DTrace probes
#${^LAST_FH}
#Regular Expression Set Operations
#Lexical subroutines
#Computed Labels
#More CORE:: subs
#kill with negative signal names

#Security

#See also: hash overhaul
#Storable security warning in documentation
#Locale::Maketext allowed code injection via a malicious template
#Avoid calling memset with a negative count

#Incompatible Changes

#See also: hash overhaul
#An unknown character name in \N{...} is now a syntax error
#Formerly deprecated characters in \N{} character name aliases are now errors.
#\N{BELL} now refers to U+1F514 instead of U+0007
#New Restrictions in Multi-Character Case-Insensitive Matching in Regular Expression Bracketed Character Classes
#Explicit rules for variable names and identifiers
#Vertical tabs are now whitespace
#/(?{})/ and /(??{})/ have been heavily reworked
#Stricter parsing of substitution replacement
#given now aliases the global $_
#The smartmatch family of features are now experimental
#Lexical $_ is now experimental
#readline() with $/ = \N now reads N characters, not N bytes
#Overridden glob is now passed one argument
#Here doc parsing
#Alphanumeric operators must now be separated from the closing delimiter of regular expressions
#qw(...) can no longer be used as parentheses
#Interaction of lexical and default warnings
#state sub and our sub
#Defined values stored in environment are forced to byte strings
#require dies for unreadable files
#gv_fetchmeth_* and SUPER
#split's first argument is more consistently interpreted

#Deprecations

#Module removals: encoding, Archive::Extract, B::Lint, B::Lint::Debug, CPANPLUS and all included CPANPLUS::* modules, Devel::InnerPackage, Log::Message, Log::Message::Config, Log::Message::Handlers, Log::Message::Item, Log::Message::Simple, Module::Pluggable, Module::Pluggable::Object, Object::Accessor, Pod::LaTeX, Term::UI, Term::UI::History
#Deprecated Utilities: cpanp, cpanp-run-perl, cpan2dist, pod2latex
#PL_sv_objcount
#Five additional characters should be escaped in patterns with /x
#User-defined charnames with surprising whitespace
#Various XS-callable functions are now deprecated
#Certain rare uses of backslashes within regexes are now deprecated
#Splitting the tokens (? and (* in regular expressions
#Pre-PerlIO IO implementations

#Future Deprecations

DG/UX, NeXT

#Performance Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules and Pragmata
#Updated Modules and Pragmata
#Removed Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#Changes to Existing Documentation
#New Diagnostics
#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Utility Changes

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#Discontinued Platforms: BeOS, UTS Global, VM/ESA, MPE/IX, EPOC, Rhapsody
#Platform-Specific Notes

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Known Problems

#Obituary

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5163delta - what is new for perl v5.16.3

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#Security

#CVE-2013-1667: memory exhaustion with arbitrary hash keys
#wrap-around with IO on long strings
#memory leak in Encode

#Incompatible Changes

#Deprecations

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Known Problems

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5162delta - what is new for perl v5.16.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Configuration and Compilation

configuration should no longer be confused by ls colorization

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: AIX

#Selected Bug Fixes

fix /\h/ equivalence with /[\h]/

#Known Problems

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5161delta - what is new for perl v5.16.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#an off-by-two error in Scalar-List-Util has been fixed

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules and Pragmata

#Configuration and Compilation

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes: VMS

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Known Problems

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5160delta - what is new for perl v5.16.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Notice

#Core Enhancements

#use VERSION
#__SUB__
#New and Improved Built-ins
#Unicode Support
#XS Changes
#Changes to Special Variables
#Debugger Changes
#The CORE Namespace
#Other Changes

#Security

#Use is_utf8_char_buf() and not is_utf8_char()
#Malformed UTF-8 input could cause attempts to read beyond the end of the buffer
#File::Glob::bsd_glob() memory error with GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC (CVE-2011-2728).
#Privileges are now set correctly when assigning to $(

#Deprecations

#Don't read the Unicode data base files in lib/unicore
#XS functions is_utf8_char(), utf8_to_uvchr() and utf8_to_uvuni()

#Future Deprecations

#Core Modules
#Platforms with no supporting programmers
#Other Future Deprecations

#Incompatible Changes

#Special blocks called in void context
#The overloading pragma and regexp objects
#Two XS typemap Entries removed
#Unicode 6.1 has incompatibilities with Unicode 6.0
#Borland compiler
#Certain deprecated Unicode properties are no longer supported by default
#Dereferencing IO thingies as typeglobs
#User-defined case-changing operations
#XSUBs are now 'static'
#Weakening read-only references
#Tying scalars that hold typeglobs
#IPC::Open3 no longer provides xfork(), xclose_on_exec() and xpipe_anon()
#$$ no longer caches PID
#$$ and getppid() no longer emulate POSIX semantics under LinuxThreads
#$<, $>, $( and $) are no longer cached
#Which Non-ASCII characters get quoted by quotemeta and \Q has changed

#Performance Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#Deprecated Modules: Version::Requirements
#New Modules and Pragmata
#Updated Modules and Pragmata
#Removed Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#New Documentation
#Changes to Existing Documentation
#Removed Documentation

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics
#Removed Errors
#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Utility Changes

#Configuration and Compilation

#Platform Support

#Platform-Specific Notes

#Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Array and hash
#C API fixes
#Compile-time hints
#Copy-on-write scalars
#The debugger
#Dereferencing operators
#Filehandle, last-accessed
#Filetests and stat
#Formats
#given and when
#The glob operator
#Lvalue subroutines
#Overloading
#Prototypes of built-in keywords
#Regular expressions
#Smartmatching
#The sort operator
#The substr operator
#Support for embedded nulls
#Threading bugs
#Tied variables
#Version objects and vstrings
#Warnings, redefinition
#Warnings, "Uninitialized"
#Weak references
#Other notable fixes

#Known Problems

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5144delta - what is new for perl v5.14.4

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#Security

#CVE-2013-1667: memory exhaustion with arbitrary hash keys
#memory leak in Encode
#[perl #111594] Socket::unpack_sockaddr_un heap-buffer-overflow
#[perl #111586] SDBM_File: fix off-by-one access to global ".dir"
#off-by-two error in List::Util
#[perl #115994] fix segv in regcomp.c:S_join_exact()
#[perl #115992] PL_eval_start use-after-free
#wrap-around with IO on long strings

#Incompatible Changes

#Deprecations

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules and Pragmata
#Updated Modules and Pragmata: Socket, SDBM_File, List::Util
#Removed Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#New Documentation
#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#Utility Changes

#Configuration and Compilation

#Platform Support

#New Platforms
#Discontinued Platforms
#Platform-Specific Notes: VMS

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Known Problems

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5143delta - what is new for perl v5.14.3

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#Security

#Digest unsafe use of eval (CVE-2011-3597)
#Heap buffer overrun in 'x' string repeat operator (CVE-2012-5195)

#Incompatible Changes

#Deprecations

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules and Pragmata
#Updated Modules and Pragmata
#Removed Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#New Documentation
#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Configuration and Compilation

#Platform Support

#New Platforms
#Discontinued Platforms
#Platform-Specific Notes: FreeBSD, Solaris and NetBSD, HP-UX, Linux, Mac OS X, GNU/Hurd, NetBSD

#Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5142delta - what is new for perl v5.14.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#Security

#File::Glob::bsd_glob() memory error with GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC (CVE-2011-2728).
#Encode decode_xs n-byte heap-overflow (CVE-2011-2939)

#Incompatible Changes

#Deprecations

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules and Pragmata
#Updated Modules and Pragmata
#Removed Modules and Pragmata

#Platform Support

#New Platforms
#Discontinued Platforms
#Platform-Specific Notes: HP-UX PA-RISC/64 now supports gcc-4.x, Building on OS X 10.7 Lion and Xcode 4 works again

#Bug Fixes

#Known Problems

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5141delta - what is new for perl v5.14.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#Security

#Incompatible Changes

#Deprecations

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules and Pragmata
#Updated Modules and Pragmata
#Removed Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#New Documentation
#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics
#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Utility Changes

#Configuration and Compilation

#Testing

#Platform Support

#New Platforms
#Discontinued Platforms
#Platform-Specific Notes

#Internal Changes

#Bug Fixes

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5140delta - what is new for perl v5.14.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Notice

#Core Enhancements

#Unicode
#Regular Expressions
#Syntactical Enhancements
#Exception Handling
#Other Enhancements: -d:-foo, -d:-foo=bar
#New C APIs

#Security

#User-defined regular expression properties

#Incompatible Changes

#Regular Expressions and String Escapes
#Stashes and Package Variables
#Changes to Syntax or to Perl Operators
#Threads and Processes
#Configuration

#Deprecations

#Omitting a space between a regular expression and subsequent word
#\cX
#"\b{" and "\B{"
#Perl 4-era .pl libraries
#List assignment to $[
#Use of qw(...) as parentheses
#\N{BELL}
#?PATTERN?
#Tie functions on scalars holding typeglobs
#User-defined case-mapping
#Deprecated modules: Devel::DProf

#Performance Enhancements

#"Safe signals" optimisation
#Optimisation of shift() and pop() calls without arguments
#Optimisation of regexp engine string comparison work
#Regular expression compilation speed-up
#String appending is 100 times faster
#Eliminate PL_* accessor functions under ithreads
#Freeing weak references
#Lexical array and hash assignments
#@_ uses less memory
#Size optimisations to SV and HV structures
#Memory consumption improvements to Exporter
#Memory savings for weak references
#%+ and %- use less memory
#Multiple small improvements to threads
#Adjacent pairs of nextstate opcodes are now optimized away

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules and Pragmata
#Updated Modules and Pragma: much less configuration dialog hassle, support for META/MYMETA.json, support for local::lib, support for HTTP::Tiny to reduce the dependency on FTP sites, automatic mirror selection, iron out all known bugs in configure_requires, support for distributions compressed with bzip2(1), allow Foo/Bar.pm on the command line to mean Foo::Bar, charinfo(), charscript(), charblock()
#Removed Modules and Pragmata

#Documentation

#New Documentation
#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Diagnostics

#New Diagnostics: Closure prototype called, Insecure user-defined property %s, panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - something is repeatedly re-creating entries, Parsing code internal error (%s), refcnt: fd %d%s, Regexp modifier "/%c" may not appear twice, Regexp modifiers "/%c" and "/%c" are mutually exclusive, Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense, "\b{" is deprecated; use "\b\{" instead, "\B{" is deprecated; use "\B\{" instead, Operation "%s" returns its argument for .., Use of qw(...) as parentheses is deprecated
#Changes to Existing Diagnostics

#Utility Changes

#Configuration and Compilation

#Platform Support

#New Platforms: AIX
#Discontinued Platforms: Apollo DomainOS, MacOS Classic
#Platform-Specific Notes

#Internal Changes

#New APIs
#C API Changes
#Deprecated C APIs: Perl_ptr_table_clear, sv_compile_2op, find_rundefsvoffset, CALL_FPTR and CPERLscope
#Other Internal Changes

#Selected Bug Fixes

#I/O
#Regular Expression Bug Fixes
#Syntax/Parsing Bugs
#Stashes, Globs and Method Lookup: Aliasing packages by assigning to globs [perl #77358], Deleting packages by deleting their containing stash elements, Undefining the glob containing a package (undef *Foo::), Undefining an ISA glob (undef *Foo::ISA), Deleting an ISA stash element (delete $Foo::{ISA}), Sharing @ISA arrays between classes (via *Foo::ISA = \@Bar::ISA or *Foo::ISA = *Bar::ISA) [perl #77238]
#Unicode
#Ties, Overloading and Other Magic
#The Debugger
#Threads
#Scoping and Subroutines
#Signals
#Miscellaneous Memory Leaks
#Memory Corruption and Crashes
#Fixes to Various Perl Operators
#Bugs Relating to the C API

#Known Problems

#Errata

#keys(), values(), and each() work on arrays
#split() and @_

#Obituary

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5125delta - what is new for perl v5.12.5

#DESCRIPTION

#Security

#Encode decode_xs n-byte heap-overflow (CVE-2011-2939)
#File::Glob::bsd_glob() memory error with GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC (CVE-2011-2728).
#Heap buffer overrun in 'x' string repeat operator (CVE-2012-5195)

#Incompatible Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#perlebcdic
#perlunicode
#perluniprops

#Installation and Configuration Improvements

#Platform Specific Changes: Mac OS X, NetBSD

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Errata

#split() and @_

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5124delta - what is new for perl v5.12.4

#DESCRIPTION
#Incompatible Changes
#Selected Bug Fixes
#Modules and Pragmata
#Testing
#Documentation
#Platform Specific Notes: Linux
#Acknowledgements
#Reporting Bugs
#SEE ALSO

#perl5123delta - what is new for perl v5.12.3

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Core Enhancements

#keys, values work on arrays

#Bug Fixes

#Platform Specific Notes

Solaris, VMS, VOS

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5122delta - what is new for perl v5.12.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Core Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules and Pragmata
#Pragmata Changes
#Updated Modules: Carp, CPANPLUS, File::Glob, File::Copy, File::Spec

#Utility Changes

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Installation and Configuration Improvements

#Configuration improvements
#Compilation improvements

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Platform Specific Notes

#AIX
#Windows
#VMS

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5121delta - what is new for perl v5.12.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Core Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#Pragmata Changes
#Updated Modules

#Changes to Existing Documentation

#Testing

#Testing Improvements

#Installation and Configuration Improvements

#Configuration improvements

#Bug Fixes

#Platform Specific Notes

#HP-UX
#AIX
#FreeBSD 7
#VMS

#Known Problems

#Acknowledgements

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl5120delta - what is new for perl v5.12.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#New package NAME VERSION syntax
#The ... operator
#Implicit strictures
#Unicode improvements
#Y2038 compliance
#qr overloading
#Pluggable keywords
#APIs for more internals
#Overridable function lookup
#A proper interface for pluggable Me

CONTENTS

#NAME

#DESCRIPTION

#BASIC DOCUMENTATION

#perl - The Perl 5 language interpreter

#perlintro - a brief introduction and overview of Perl

#perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter

#perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references

#perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook

#perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl

#perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start

#perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial

#perlootut - Object-Oriented Programming in Perl Tutorial

#perlperf - Perl Performance and Optimization Techniques

#perlstyle - Perl style guide

#perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet

#perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary

#perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial

#perlfaq - Frequently asked questions about Perl

#perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl

#perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl

#perlfaq3 - Programming Tools

#perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation

#perlfaq5 - Files and Formats

#perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions

#perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues

#perlfaq8 - System Interaction

#perlfaq9 - Web, Email and Networking

#perlsyn - Perl syntax: declarations, statements, comments

#perldata - Perl data types

#perlop - Perl expressions: operators, precedence, string literals

#perlsub - Perl subroutines

#perlfunc - Perl builtin functions

#perlopentut - simple recipes for opening files and pipes in Perl

#perlpacktut - tutorial on pack and unpack

#perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format

#perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes

#perldocstyle - A style guide for writing Perl's documentation

#perlpodstyle - Perl POD style guide

#perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

#perldeprecation - list Perl deprecations

#perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings

#perldebug - Perl debugging

#perlvar - Perl predefined variables

#perlre - Perl regular expressions

#perlrebackslash - Perl Regular Expression Backslash Sequences and Escapes

#perlrecharclass - Perl Regular Expression Character Classes

#perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference

#perlref - Perl references and nested data structures

#perlform - Perl formats

#perlobj - Perl object reference

#perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable

#perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters

#perlclass - Perl class syntax reference

#perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)

#perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation

#perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl

#perlthrtut - Tutorial on threads in Perl

#perlport - Writing portable Perl

#perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)

#perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction

#perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl

#perlunicook - cookbookish examples of handling Unicode in Perl

#perlunifaq - Perl Unicode FAQ

#perluniprops - Index of Unicode Version 15.0.0 character properties in Perl

#perlunitut - Perl Unicode Tutorial

#perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms

#perlsec - Perl security

#perlsecpolicy - Perl security report handling policy

#perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)

#perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones

#perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide

#perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules

#perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution

#perlpragma - how to write a user pragma

#perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution

#perlfilter - Source Filters

#perldtrace - Perl's support for DTrace

#perlglossary - Perl Glossary

#perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program

#perlpacktut - tutorial on `pack` and `unpack`

#perlclassguts - Internals of how `feature 'class'` and class syntax works